Some Definitions and Terms

Ion exchange in aluminosilicate zeolites (or another ion exchanger) is a reaction where two particles take part the extra-framework cations present in the zeolite and the ions dissolved in the electrolytic solution. The ion-exchange reaction in aluminosilicate zeolites is represented by [21,24]  

The total exchange capacity (TEC) of an aluminosilicate zeolite is a function of the framework composition that is, the Si/Al ratio. It is easy to obtain a numerical relation between the TEC, C, in milliequivalent per gram, and the number of A1 atoms per framework unit cell, NAl [5] 

The Physical Chemistry of Materials Energy and Environmental Applications 

The relation follows from AA WAv, which is the total number of equivalents of exchangeable cations per unit cell, and pV c, the mass of the unit cell. 

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At the begiruiing of this section, we just want to recall some definitions and terms relevant in mechanics of elastic solids. The stress acting on a material is defined as the force per cross-sectional area ... 

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