Solvent-free environment

Formation, chemistry and structure of organomagnesium species in solvent-free environments... 

Despite the impressive knowledge accumulated on some of the more common organic reactions, the question of true intrinsic reactivity is still at large in most cases. It is known that rates and mechanisms can be influenced by solvent effects, and that such changes can seldom be accommodated by rigorous theoretical treatments which are only applicable to isolated species. Thus, the concept of intrinsic reactivity should be, in principle, derived from chemical behaviour in a solvent-free environment. This statement is particularly relevant for reactions involving ionic species which are subject to strong electrostatic interactions with the solvent. 

Recently, efforts have been initiated to examine intrinsic host-guest chemistry in the solvent-free environment of a mass spectrometer. Of present interest are preliminary reports on perfluorinated hosts, crown ethers and cryptands, which are physiologically compatible and may possess important biological properties, such as the ability to carry oxygen and transport ions through membranes. Specifically, the oxygen-binding properties of... 

An airless enclosed vapor degreaser, where the environment is at ambient presstrre but does not contain atmospheric air (with oxygen and water), dries solvent from parts through vaporization into a solvent-free environment. 

Cocinero EJ, far abal P, Vaden TD, Simons JP, Davis BG (2011) Sensing the anomeric effect in a solvent-free environment. Nature 469 76... 

A criticism IMS routinely faces as a structural analysis tool in the field of biochemistry is the solvent-free environment of the method. The biochemistry community... 

There is, of course, controversy about whether a solution phase structure is retained in its entirety in the solvent-free environment of a mass spectrometer, " ") but for large macromolecular systems such as those referred to above, bound by many noncovalent interactions, there is evidence to suggest that macroscopic features of solution and even in vivo structures are retained. The growth and success of studies of macromolecular complexes by mass spectrometry increasingly places biological mass spectrometry as the first step in the structural analysis of unknown or as yet unquantified proteinrprotein architectures in short, it now has a role as a predictive tool. 

Gidden, J. Ferzoco, A. Baker, E. S. Bowers, M. T., Duplex formation and the onset of helicity in poly d(CG)(n) oligonucleotides in a solvent-free environment. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2004, 126, (46), 15132-15140. 

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