Solution concentration effect

Various techniques are available for determining the effective diffusivity of solute in gel (Itamunoala, 1988). One of the most reliable techniques is the thin-disk method which uses a diffusion cell with two compartments divided by a thin gel. Each compartment contains a well-stirred solution with different solute concentrations. Effective diffusivity can be calculated from the mass flux verses time measurement (Hannoun and Stephanopoulos, 1986). A few typical values of effective diffusivities are listed in Table 3.2. 

Model calibration of these reactions was performed on data collected at 5.0 x 10-5 M Sr(II) and ionic strengths of 0.01 and 0.5 M. The optimized equilibrium constants for the reactions are shown in Table 7-5, and the model calibration is shown in Fig. 7-14 along with predictions of data collected at ionic strengths of 0.003 M and 0.1 M. Predictions of data collected at higher solute concentration (Fig. 7-15) indicate that the model appears to be able to predict both ionic strength effects and solute concentration effects, at least for the limited range of data shown here. 

Frozen Aqueous Solutions Concentration Effects. As solute is rejected by the growing ice and as its concentration increases in the shrinking liquid phase, the temperature drops toward the eutectic point, where the entire system approaches complete solidification. Of major importance is the fact that a highly concentrated liquid phase can persist indefinitely at any point above the eutectic temperature. 

SIMULATION OF COUPLED THERMAL AND SOLUTE CONCENTRATION EFFECTS ON DENSE RADIOACTIVE WASTE MIGRATION IN DEEP AQUIFERS... 

C = bulk solution concentration effective diRiision coefficient... 

This means that ij/ cell is affected by 3 factors (1) this is the osmotic or solute concentration effect. The concentration of dissolved solutes in a cell will influence water uptake, the greater the concentration, the greater the attractive force to water (2) the matric (or hydrational) potential is contributed by the ability of matrices (e.g. cell walls protein bodies) to be hydrated and bind water (3) the turgor (hydrostatic) pressure occurs because as water enters a cell the contents swell and exert a force upon each unit area of the cell wall. Turgor pressure is in fact the amount by which pressure inside the cell exceeds the atmospheric pressure outside. 

---