Solute Segregation and Grain Boundary Mobility

Experimental evidences of specific ion or solute segregation and its effect on grain boundary mobility are abundant, as introduced in Section 7.2. With the segregation of solute ions, the boundary velocity can decrease considerably as a result of solute drag within a low velocity limit described in Chapter 7. Segregation of a specific ion species with an electric charge was further confirmed in a recent investigation on the effect of an electric field on 

Using a statistical treatment, show that the vacancy concentration, h INa, in a pure compound with Frenkel defects is expressed as 

When the oxygen concentration of an air-sintered pure oxide is decreased by annealing in a reducing atmosphere, by how much is the Fermi level of 

Consider the addition of an acceptor dopant MO to L2O3 oxide. Show the change in defect concentrations with dopant amount. Assume that the major and minor defects in L2O3 are the Schottky defect and the electronic defect, respectively, and that all M cations go into L sites. 

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