Solubility variation

If this constant is combined with the hydrolysis constant log10 j34 = —18.4 for Th(OH)4(aq), a solubility product log]0 X 0(s) = 9.9 for Th02(s) is calculated that lies between the values for Th02(am) and Th02(cr) (see Fig. 4). This set of equilibrium constants now describes the measured solubilities at pH > 6, but fails to account for the solubility variation of more than 10 orders of magnitude at lower pH. 

Solubility variation with pressure Low-pressure solubility High-pressure solubility Heat of solution—related to variation of solubility with temperature at fixed pressure Relatively linear Low Continues to increase Relatively low and approximately constant with loading Highly nonlinear High Levels off Relatively high and decreases somewhat with increased solute loading... 

Recently, chiral molybdenum catalysts such as 11 have been synthesized, giving access to asymmetric ring-closing metathesis [7]. Water-soluble variations of catalyst 10, like catalyst 12, perform metathesis in water or methanol [8], extending the scope of the reaction to substrates which are poorly soluble in organic solvents. 

Solubility variation of most common actinide oxides with pH. 

Shellis RP A scanning electron-microscopic study of solubility variations in human enamel and dentine. Arch Oral Biol 1996 41 473 184. 

In contrast, inverse solubility salts are less soluble as the temperature of the solution is raised. Examples of inverse solubility salts are CaCOs and CaS04. It will be readily appreciated that water containing inverse solubility salts used for cooling purposes is likely to cause fouling problems because as heat is abstracted by the water, its temperature will rise, and if it is saturated with inverse solubility salts, precipitation of the salts will occur. In Fig. 6, the sequence of events that occurs when an inverse solubility salt is heated is illustrated. The curve represents the solubility variation with temperature. The solution of the salt at point A is not saturated. As the solution represented by A is heated it will eventually reach the solubility curve at... 

R. Combes and B. Tremillon, Dissociation and Solubility Variation Versus pO2- of Scheelite CaW04 in Molten NaCl-KCl (at 1000 K), J. Electroanal. Chem. 83 (1977) 297-308. 

Types of Solid Solution. There are two types of metallic solid solution—substitutional solid solution and interstitial solid solution—and, so far, research has been mainly confined to the former type. A substitutional solid solution is characterised by the fact that it retains the lattice of the solvent metal and that atoms of the solute metal are able, usually to a limited extent, to replace those of the solvent without unduly distorting the parent lattice of the solvent. This naturally leads to the idea that one, at least, of the factors influencing solid solubility of this type is the relative sizes of the atoms of the two metals under consideration, although, as we shall see later, size-factor alone is incapable of explaining solid solubility variations. It might be mentioned here that it is usual to find that in substitutional solid solutions there is a random arrangement of atoms of the solute metal in the lattice of the solvent even at... 

Hennig UG, Moskalyk RE, Chatten LG and Chan SF, Semiaqueous potentiometric determinations of apparent pXai values for benzothiadiazines and detection of decomposition during solubility variation with pH studies, /. Pharm. Set, 70,317-319 (1981). 

The specific gravity of soil solids (G ) can be measured or assumed to reasonable accuracy. In the following sections, the nature of solubility, variation in density and volume with salinity and temperature, and a survey of the various methods to describe mass/ volume relationships will be discussed. 

The differences in mist suppression performance for the polymer types tested may be attributed to either the solubility variations of the polymers in the two types of metalworking fluids and/or to interactions of the polymer with components in the metalworking fluid. PEO polymers had initial mist suppression performance in the 10% semisynthetic fluid even though there was a loss in performance after short time period of machining. However, in synthetic fluids these polymers generated more mist than the baseline. The solubility of the PEO polymers in these fluids was not determined therefore, it can not be ascertained whether the polymers were in solution... 

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