Solubility product— nitromethane

Bode and Clausen (11) have repeated earlier work on the anilide (NP(NHPh)2)s (40) On heating, this compound loses aniline reversibly. (Compare the behavior of the ethyl esters, Section III, C, 2, b.) The products are soluble in nitromethane and nitrobenzene, and possibly contain the grouping P = N Ph. On further heating, insoluble phenyl-phosphams (NP NPh) are formed without further loss in weight for these the structure shown in formula II is suggested. 

The effectiveness of nitromethane can be attributed to its high dielectric constant, at least in part, which tends to promote reactions which involve electron-rich intermediates. It may also result from the low solubility of the indole products in nitromethane since the indoles precipitate out of the reaction mixture in many cases. ... 

While nitramines are formed from the reaction of secondary amines with nitronium salts the success of the reaction depends on the basicity of the amine (Equation 5.11). Thus, amines of low to moderate basicity are A-nitrated in good yields. The nitration of more basic amines is slow and the nitrosamine is often observed as a significant by-product, a consequence of the partial reduction of the nitronium salt to the nitrosonium salt during the reaction. Increased reaction temperature is also found to increase the amount of nitrosamine formed. The amine substrate is usually used in excess to compensate for the release of the strong mineral acid formed during the reactions. Both nitronium tetrafluoroborate and the more soluble hexafluorophosphate are commonly used for A-nitrations. Solvents like acetonitrile, methylene chloride, nitromethane, dioxane, sulfolane, ethyl acetate and esters of phosphoric acid are commonly used. 

The product is a yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in polar solvents such as acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, and nitromethane and insoluble in diethyl ether, hexanes, and toluene. IR spectrum (CH2CI2) 2070 (s) and 1992 (s) cm NMR spectrum (CDCI3, 25°C, 300 MHz) 6 4.83 (d, = 14.1... 

When 3-chlorocyclopropene is treated with AgBF4, AgCl precipitates. The organic product can be obtained as a crystalline material, soluble in polar solvents such as nitromethane but insoluble in hexane. When the crystalline material is dissolved in nitromethane containing KC1, the original 3-chlorocyclopropene is regenerated. Determine the structure of the crystalline material, and write equations for its formation and its reaction with chloride ion. 

In accord with their character as salts, these products are soluble in water but insoluble in ether. The reaction is general in the aliphatic series, but aromatic sulfides behave differently for instance, methyl tolyl sulfide is methylated to the sulfonium salt by dimethyl sulfate but not by methyl iodide.307,308 Alcohol, acetone, benzene, or nitromethane is often used as solvent. Reaction of sufficiently reactive components occurs at room temperature. Formation of sulfonium salts is often appreciably increased by adding an equivalent amount of a metal salt 309... 

The product may be stored indefinitely under nitrogen at - 20° without decomposition. It is soluble in dichloromethane, acetone, and nitromethane but insoluble in hydrocarbons and in diethyl ether. 

In an attempt to increase the water solubility of carborane - antibody complexes, the dialdehyde (23) and several other sugar aldehydes were treated with lithiated dicarba c/r o-dodecaboranes (29). The reactions were reasonably stereoselective, giving erythro- and tAreo-products, e.g., compounds (30) in ca. 4 1 ratios. From the same starting compound (23) the 1,6-C-linked disaccharide (33) was prepared by fluoride ion mediated condensation with peracetylated -C-glucopyranosyl nitromethane (31) followed elaboration of the... 

Nitroparaffins are not explosives as determined by tests approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) for shipping classifications. However, nitromethane when sensitized by small amounts of amines can be detonated by a Number 8 blasting cap. Nitromethane is used as a fuel component in ammonium nitrate explosives. Nitroparaffins are used in diesel fuel to increase power output of engines. Nitropropane is completely miscible in diesel fuel, nitroethane solubility is 18 wt%, and nitromethane is only a 2 wt%. Nitromethane is used as a fuel in racing cars and in model engines. A blend of nitromethane and methanol is said to produce increased power output over regular hydrocarbon fuels. 1-Nitropropane is used as a grinding solvent for the production of aluminum powder because of its ability to displace surface moisture on the aluminum and the solvent aids in the dispersion of the aluminum powder. Nitromethane is used as a metal stabilizer for... 

Further to this work, the same group published another multicatalytic reaction in aqueous buffer, which involved two aldehydic substrates with similar reactivities but different polarities [11]. The biphasic reaction allowed the differentiation of the two aldehydes, which reacted in a controlled manner to generate the desired cross-product. Two catalysts were used, and each catalyst triggered an individual reaction step in either aqueous or organic phase. L-Proline, soluble in the aqueous phase, catalyzed the addition of nitromethane with the less hydrophobic aldehyde (Scheme 12.6). Diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl ether 5, which is an efficient catalyst for the conjugated addition of aldehydes to nitroalkenes, catalyzed the reaction of the... 

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