Solubility in electrolyte solutions

Another complication is the fact that the phospholipids are not soluble in water, forming in many cases liposomal structures, but they are soluble in electrolyte solutions. Thus, the mere addition of an electrolyte to a phospholipids-stabilized emulsion may physically affect the structure of the mesophase and, hence, the stability of the whole system. 

Some papers report that low temperatures favor the CO2 reduction in comparison with ambient temperature. " Enhancement of the CO2 solubility in electrolyte solutions as well as favorable adsorption equilibrium of CO2 may lead to effective reduction of CO2. 

An understanding of gas solubility in electrolyte solutions is necessary in studies of gas-liquid processes in a wide range of media as diverse as biological fluids, seawater, brines, scrubbing solutions, extractive solvents and industrial production systems. Our own work concentrates on gas solubility in electrolyte solutions in the atmosphere. 

PAP/PIT] Pabalan, R. T., Pitzer, K. S., Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions. Mineral solubilities in electrolyte solutions, Pitzer, K. S., Ed., pp.435-490, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, (1991). Cited on page 221. 

Negative values ofN —N0, the electrolyte effect on the association numbers of water, are called the structure-breaker effect. One can speak of negative hydration31. The estimation of the hydration numbers by spectroscopic or solubility methods gives only an approximation of the sum effect. The spectra of the H-bond bands show in second approximation distinct differences between the ion effects on the H-bonds7 ). — The partial molar volume Vx of water in electrolyte solutions is negative in all solutions but the series of -values corresponds to the Hofmeister ion series too. The negative V1 volume indicates an electrostriction effect around the ions. 

Azaroual M., Fouillac C., and Matray J. M. (1997) Solubility of silica polymorphs in electrolyte solutions II. Activity of aqueous silica and solid silica polymorphs in deep solutions from the sedimentary Paris Basin. Chem. Geol. 140, 167-179. 

Most metals entering the cuprate HTSC (with the exception of copper) during anodic polarization in aqueous solutions over a wide pH interval form either soluble products or loose oxide-hydroxide films with a poor adhesion. The passivation of such chemically active metals in electrolyte solutions has been incompletely studied. However, for bismuth, cadmium, antimony, and also for the corresponding chalco-... 

Schumpe E, Adler I Deckwer W (1978) Solubility of oxygen in electrolyte solutions. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 145-150. 

FIGURE 8.13 The type of ion species present in electrolyte solutions is simultaneously dependent on a range of parameters such as the solubility (pS), red-ox state (pe E), the acidity (pH H ), the ionic strength (pl l/K), the presence of specifically binding cations (pM a), and other ligands (pL a). 

Argand diagram, 532 dissociated electrolyte, 533 Argon, its solubility in aqueous solution, depending upon acetone content, 177 " Aristotte s Ideas oti solntiuiisr35-------------... 

The three topics of ion pairing, complex formation and solubilities are typical aspects of equilibrium in electrolyte solutions, and are handled in precisely the same manner as acid-base equilibria. As in the calculations on acid-base equilibria, only the ideal case is considered. Discussion of corrections for non-ideality are deferred until Sections 8.22 to 8.28. In this chapter pay special attention to ... 

J. S. Perkyns, Y. Wang, and M. Pettitt,/. Am. Chem. Soc., 118,1164 (1996). Salting in Peptides Conformationally Dependent Solubilities and Phase Behavior of a Tripeptide Zwitter-ion in Electrolyte Solution. 

An increase in electrolyte content will generally cause a decrease in adsorption of surfactants onto surfaces of opposite charge and an increase in adsorption of like charged molecules (Fig. 9.13a). An important exception to that rule is the case of ionic surfactants in which the added cation has a specific interaction with the adsorbing solute (i.e., surfactant) that reduces its solubility in the solution leading to enhanced adsorption. A typical example is the addition of polyvalent cations to carboxylic acid soaps. 

Perkyns, J. S., Y. Wang, and B. M. Pettitt. 1996. Salting in peptides Conformationally dependent solubilities and phase behavior of a tripeptide zwitterion in electrolyte solution. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 118, 1164. 

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