Factors That Affect Solubility

Ozone is only slightly soluble in water. Thus, factors that affect the mass transfer between the gas and Hquid phases are important and include temperature, pressure, contact time, contact surface area (bubble size), and pH. 

The factors that affect the evaporation process are concentration in the liquid, solubility, pressure, temperature, scaling, and materials of construction. An evaporator is a type of heat exchanger designed to induce boiling and evaporation of a liquid. The major types of evaporator are... 

MUF resin is widely used as an adhesive in wood industries, coating technology, paper industries and a main material in kitchenware production. In various applications, different resin properties are needed to suit its application. Important resin properties are for example higher resin solubility, low curing period with lower temperature and catalyst amount, good stability for longer shelf life, and lower free formaldehyde emission, as formaldehyde is very toxic, and can cause cancer [1]. One of the factors that affecting the MUF resin properties is the mole composition. The mole composition is a ratio of formaldehyde to amino compoimd... 

Factors that affect the accessibility of chemicals to plant roots include hydrophobicity, polarity, sorption properties and solubility. In order to apply phytoremediation techniques to soils polluted by organic contaminants, the contaminant must come into contact with the plant roots and be dissolved... 

Because of the high water solubility of oxygenates, groundwater extraction may be effective in removing a significant mass of these contaminants. Key factors that affect the performance and cost of the extraction component of a pump-and-treat system include... 

Thus, any factor that affects the solubility or apparent solubility of a drug entity has the potential of affecting the dissolution and diffusion mass transport of the molecule as shown in Eq. (6) [or Eq. (1)]. Polymorphism is one such important... 

Solubility, dissolution rate, and intestinal permeability, are the major bio-pharmaceutic factors that affect the rate and extent of absorption of an oral drug product. Particularly for water insoluble drugs that have generally high membrane permeability (BCS Class II), dissolution, and dose are the most critical factors affecting the rate and the extent of oral absorption. 

The factors that affect the energetics of solid solutions and indirectly solid solubility are to a large extent the same as those that control the enthalpy of formation of compounds. Most often the differences between the atomic radii of the participating elements, in electronegativity and in valence electron density are considered for solutions of elements. For solid solutions of binary compounds, similar factors are used, but some measure of the volume of the compounds is often used instead of atomic radii. 

There are a number of factors that affect the absorption of foreign compounds from the gut or their disposition one factor, which is of particular importance, is the aqueous solubility of the compound in the nonionized form. With very lipid-soluble compounds, water solubility may be so low that the compound is not well absorbed (Table 2), because it is not dispersed in the aqueous environment of the gastrointestinal tract. In relation to this, a factor of particular importance in absorption of chemicals from the gut is the presence of bile, which is produced in the liver and secreted into the small intestine. This contains detergent-like substances, which will facilitate the dispersal of lipid-soluble chemicals in the aqueous medium of the intestine. 

The experimental factors that affect the stability of the latex during and after polymerization are the recipe used for the polymerization, the type and intensity of agitation during and after the polymerization, the temperature of polymerization and storage, and the age and storage conditions of the latex. The recipe used in the polymerization included the mode of polymerization, the monomer-water ratio, the solubility of the monomer in water, the emulsifier type and concentration, initiator type and concentration, total electrolyte concentration, and impurities present in the system. 

Metal cations may be soluble, readily exchangeable, complexed with organic matter, or hydrous oxides, substituted in stoichiometric compounds, or occluded in mineral structures (see reviews by Brummer et al., 1986 Beckett, 1989 Forstner, 1991). The chemical factors that affect the retention of a specific chemical form of a trace metal (e.g. effects of pH and I on specific adsorption ) are well documented (Jones and Jarvis, 1981 Tiller, 1983 McBride, 1989 1991 Alloway, 1990 Forstner, 1991). When several components co-exist in a soil, the distribution of a trace metal among them will also depend on the type and relative quantities of the soil components how they change with pH, I, etc. and the extent of saturation of adsorption sites on soil adsorbents. 

FACTORS THAT AFFECT SOLUBILITY Effect of Pressure on Solubility... 

Energy Changes and the Solution Process 200 Factors That Affect Solubility 203... 

As has already been made clear, there are many factors that affect the kinetics and mechanisms of Fenton-based degradation. Rate constants, hydroxyl radical concentration, pollutant concentration, and the presence of other species are all among the factors previously discussed. Additional important factors include those related to solubility and homogeneity. 

AND COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS, AND ANALYZE FACTORS THAT AFFECT SOLUBILITY. 

There are two major divisions in a discussion of solutions solution formation and solubility equilibria. The first topic deals with the mechanisms by which solutions form—different ways to describe solutions, factors that affect solution formation, and some of the physical properties of solutions. Those are the domain of this chapter. Solubility equilibria are discussed in Chapter 15, after you ve had a chance to review the concept of equilibrium. 

It is important to make the distinction between solubility and the solubility product constant. Solubility refers to the amount of a substance that can dissolve to form a saturated solution. The solubility of a substance is usually expressed in grams solute per liter of solution (g/L). Sometimes, however, it is described in moles solute per liter of solution, in which case it is referred to as the molar solubility of the substance. At any given temperature, the solubility-product constant, Ksp, for a solute remains constant. The solubility of a solute is not necessarily constant because it is affected by the concentrations of other dissolved substances. In the next section we will look at some factors that affect the solubility of a solute. 

Factors That Affect Rate of Dissolving and Solubility... 

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