Solid theory

In two-dimensional solids theory, the size of the solid in a fixed direction is assumed to be small as compared to the other ones. Therefore, all characteristics of the thin solid are referred to a so-called mid-surface, and one obtains the two-dimensional model. Let us give the construction of plate and shell models (Donnell, 1976 Vol mir, 1972 Lukasiewicz, 1979 Mikhailov, 1980). 

P. A. Shamlou, Handling of Bulk Solids—Theory andPractice, Butterworths, Kent, U.K., 1988. 

Like Bohr s model of the hydrogen atom, Sommerfeld s theory flowered only briefly. The creation of quantum mechanics and the discovery of electron spin, both in 1925, followed by Paul Dirac s theory in 1928, provided a solid theory-based underpinning for... 

Limited as this controversy appears to be to a small number of bodies, it is nevertheless of great importance, if an exact arrangement of our ideas, and a distinct and true view of the operations of nature, be of any importance. The bodies above-mentioned are the subject of many, and the instruments of almost all chymical operations without a knowledge of their composition, and a clear perception of their mode of action, it will be impossible to form even an approximation to a solid theory of this science the daily accumulation of facts will only increase perplexity and confusion, and if any useful discovery be made, it will be the mere result of chance. ... 

J. Lorenzen and L.M. Raff. A Comparison of Detailed Lattice Model Gas-Solid Theory with Molecular Beam Data Scattered Velocity Distributions for an Ar/W System. J. Chem. Phys. lA. i929 (1981). 

Density functional (DF) [201] methods (for reviews see [202, 203, 204, 205]) were very popular in solid state physics since about 1965, but were hardly applied in chemistry for quite a while (among the applications to structural chemistry see e.g. ref. [206]), before suddenly around 1988 they really conquered chemistry. Even before this the rather good performance in solid theory did not remain unobserved by quantum chemists, but the reluctance to consider density functional methods more seriously had various reasons. 

Shamlou, P. A. (1988), Handling of Bulk Solids Theory and Practice, Butterworths, London. 

Hummel, H.H (1993) Density functional theory of ionic solids theory and application, Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University. 

Question Have you ever heard the expression that it is too cold to snow This expression is based on the observation that precipitation drops off rather abruptly when it is extremely cold (i.e., at temperatures well below the freezing point). This seemingly counterintuitive observation is acmally underpinned by solid theory. Your professor gives you two possible reasons for the phenomenon (1) Very cold air holds less moisture than warmer air, and so there is less water vapor available for precipitation. (2) The nucleation rate decreases at very low temperatures, leading to fewer, smaller snowflakes. Which explanation is more likely ... 

Gadja GJ, Rabo JA The add functien in saoittes. In Acidify and Basicity of Solids, Theory, Atsassmant and Utility. Edited by Fraissard J, Petrakis L 1994 127-179. [NATO ASI Series, vol 444.]... 

Omegna A, van Bokhoven JA, Prins R (2003) J Phys Chem B 107 8854 Fraissard J, Petrakis L (eds) (1994) Acidity and basicity of solids theory, assessment and utility, NATO ASI series. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, The Netherlands Zamaraev KI, Thomas JM (1996) Adv Catal 41 335... 

Multiscale Boundary Conditions in Crystalline Solids Theory and Application... 

Fraissard, J. andPetrakis, L., Acidity andBasicity of Solids Theory,... 

The English translation of this book by D. Smith and N. G. Adams provides a detailed account of theoretical approaches and experimental techniques of adsorption. The subject matter, essentially comprising physical chemistry, includes defined substances, defined surfaces and their preparation, methods for studying the texture of adsorbents, methods of studying adsorption, the surface structure of solids, theories of adsorption forces, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics, theories of adsorption equilibria, the mechanisms of physical adsorption and chemisorption, adsorption from flowing gases and liquids, practical applications of adsorption, adsorption from solutions and the relationship between adsorption and catalysis. 

This review deals mainly with the electrical and thermal conductivities at temperatures T from 0 K to room temperature. It is the region where the lattice vibrations must be described by quantum mechanics, and the phonon spectrum determines much of the temperature dependence of the transport properties. The absolute magnitudes of the electrical and thermal conductivties depend crucially on a consideration of the quantum mechanical matrix elements for the scattering of electrons and phonons. They are difficult to calculate, not only for the refractory systems of interest here but for most solids. Theories of conduction properties therefore contain parameters, some of which are fairly well known while others are quite uncertain. 

Steinhauser, A.O. Computational Multi Scale Modeling of Fluid and Solid-Theory and Application, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2008. 

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