Solid state reaction Terms Links

Lamellar double hydroxides are part of, or are precursors of, a more general family of compounds designated as pillared layered structures (PLS). We quote some terms used to describe them (Mitchell 1990 Van Damme 1990). Pillared Layered Structures are nanocomposite materials prepared by linking molecules or colloids to a layered host. They exhibit a remarkably broad spectrum of structural, chemical, electronic, ionic, optical and magnetic properties, and provide supermesh host structures in which chemical reactions or physical processes can proceed under gas-phase conditions, but at liquid/solid state densities. They can be shaped as powders, pellets, or supported or self-standing Aims, and can be dispersed in solid or liquid matrices. 

This equation is the link between tables of thermodynamic data (such as Table 4.2.1), which allow the evaluation of ArG°, and the equilibrium constant Kr of the reaction (sometimes also denoted as reaction quotient Qr), which is a function of the composition of the system in terms of concentration, molar fractions, and so on. The value and definition of Kr depends on the choice of the standard state and the ideality of the system, as shown subsequently for ideal and real gases, liquids, and gas-solid systems. 

This important relation establishes the link between emf measurements and chemical thermodynamics. The above chemical potential will now be specified in terms of the hybrid system adopted in Eq. (3.4.4). (i) The standard state for pure solids or liquids participating in the electrochemical processes is that of the isolated material at temperature T under a pressure of 1 bar. (ii) For materials in homogeneous solid or liquid solution the standard state is chosen for each constituent at unit activity at 1 bar at the prevailing temperature, (iii) For gases participating in the chemical reaction the standard state is that of the ideal gas. Then, according to Eq. (3.4.4) and Eq. (4.5.1) we write... 

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