Solid phase microextraction description

Sample analysis based on sorption onto SPE sorbents followed by elution with organic solvent is the basis of the majority of SPE methods. However, the use of fibers to sorb organic compounds directly from solution was developed by Pawliszyn and co-workers (Arthur and Pawliszyn, 1990), and devices are commercially available from Supelco (see Chapter 12 for a description of the method). The adsorbed compounds may be directly desorbed into the GC without a solvent peak by simply heating the fiber in the inlet of the gas chromatograph. Solid-phase microextraction (SPHE) has mainly been used... 

The focus in Chapters 7 and 8 is on the specific sample preparation approaches available for the extraction of organic compounds from environmental matrices, principally soil and water. Chapter 7 is concerned with the role of Soxhlet, ultrasonic and shake-flask extraction on the removal of organic compounds from solid (soil) matrices. These techniques are contrasted with newer developments in sample preparation for organic compound extraction, namely supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized fluid extraction. Chapter 8 is arranged in a similar manner. Initially, details are provided on the use of solvent extraction for organic compounds removal from aqueous samples. This is followed by descriptions of the newer approaches, namely solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. 

For a description of the various sample preparation techniques, such as, solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), headspace and purge and trap (P T), dynamic membrane extraction (DMA) and the different detection methods, the reader is directed to the other chapters of this book and especially the chapter on sample preparation methods. 

The contents of the lower half of Table 1 show that there is one approach based on solvent extraction (that is briefly discussed below) and there are four alternatives based on liquid-solid sorption. Three of these are closely related, i.e., SPE, SPE thermal description (SPETD), and open tubular trapping (OTT), and are discussed in this chapter. The fourth, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), will be discussed separately in Chapter 8. 

---