Solids kinetic molecular view

Figure 6.3 A kinetic molecular view of solids, liquids, and gases.

The different states of matter were defined in Section 1.4, and the gas laws and the kinetic theory of gases were defined in Chapter 5. Here we want to recall the salient features of those discussions and then compare gases, liquids, and solids. We especially want to compare how these states are viewed in terms of kinetic-molecular theory. 

The present state of the theories of atomic and molecular processes in condensed phases is characterized by great non-uniformity of its development. Matters are much problematic in the theory of the kinetics of processes at a molecular level. The kinetics of surface processes mainly employs models taking no account of the interaction of the adsorbed particles (the law of masses or surface action) [14-16]. This does not reflect the real properties of a gas solid interface. There is also a diversity of models when considering the interaction of the particles because various approximations are used (equilibrium is described with a view to the correlation effects, while kinetics ignores them). The problem of approximations is of a fundamental significance in the theory of condensed systems. Interaction between the particles causes all the particles to be bound to... 

The reactions between carbons and molecular oxygen have been extensively studied from two points of view, one of chemical kinetics and the other of chemical engineering or fuel combustion engineering. It is the conversion of carbon to oxides of carbon, the carbon being part of a gas (e.g. CH4) or a liquid (petroleum) or a solid (coal), the exothermicity of these reactions providing, almost exclusively, the energy requirements on a world scale. 

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