Soil bacteria transportation

The major sink would appear to be the oxidation of CO by hydroxyl radicals. The calculated sink for this process gives a lifetime [Levy (152,154)] in harmony with that predicted from radiocarbon data [Weinstock (250) and Weinstock and Niki (251)]. Ingersoll and Inman (107) and Inman, Ingersoll, and Levy (108) have shown that soil bacteria can destroy CO and suggested that it may be an important sink. Pressman and Warneck (196) calculated the sink due to the transport of CO into the stratosphere, where it is then oxidized to CO2, and found that it was small. 

PROBABLE FATE photolysis can occur in atmosphere, in air reacts with photochemi-cally generated hydroxyl radicals, half-life >23 days oxidation photooxidation in troposphere is probably important hydrolysis not expected to compete with volatilization, first-order hydrolytic half-life 15.8 yr volatilization probable important transport process, if injected to soil, primarily lost by volatilization, volatilization from surface water half-life 6hr and 10 days for a river and a lake respectively biological processes compound can be used as a carbon source by several soil bacteria washed out of air by rain... 

According to Lohner [4], the potential benefits of electrokinetic and electrochemical processes coupled with bioremediation include enhancement of pollutant bioavaUabUity by means of electrokinetic mobilization, increase of restricted soil bacteria mobility by electrokinetic transport processes, electrokinetic-induced mass transfer and transport of ionic electron acceptors and nutrients, and electrochemical production of limited electron donors (H2) and acceptors (O2). 

There has been considerable interest in the use of plants for bioremediation and this merits a rather extensive discussion. Plants can play an important role in bioremediation for several reasons (1) they can transport contaminants from the soil, (2) they can metabolize the contaminants after uptake, or (3) they can produce exudes that support microbial activity for degradation of the contaminants. In addition, bacteria can produce metabolites that counter the effect of toxins produced by fungi, and serve as biocontrol agents that diminish the need for the application of agrochemicals. Plant exudates play an important role in supporting the growth and activity of bacteria that carry out the degradation of contaminants in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane (the external surface of roots... 

Srinath T, Verma T, Ramteke PW, Garg SK (2002) Chromium biosorption and bioaccumulation by chromate resistant bacteria. Chemosphere 48 427-435 Stephen JR, Macnaughton SJ (1999) Developments in terrestrial bacterial remediation of metals. Curr Opinion Biotechnol 10 230-233 Tabak HH, Lens P, van Hullebusch ED, Dejonghe W (2005) Developments in bioremediation of soils and sediments polluted with metals and radionuclides 1. Microbial processes and mechanisms affecting bioremediation of metal contamination and influencing metal toxicity and transport. Rev Environ Sci Bio/Technol. 4 115-156... 

Phagocytosis is an important mechanism for the organism to rid itself of bacteria and pathogenic material, as well as cell debris and remnants of apoptosis. However, it can also provide a route for the uptake of pollutant particulate material. It is seen to be especially important in the incorporation of airborne particulate material, which often has serious health consequences (see Section 6.4). In terrestrial invertebrates, food is obtained either from particulate matter in the soil or from molecules dissolved in interstitial water. Most of these organisms have extracellular digestion, with nutrients and foreign material being absorbed by one or more of the routes available for transport across membranes, such as diffusion, channels or pinocytosis. There have been few studies to establish which route is taken. 

Camesano T, Logan B (1998) Influence of fluid velocity and cell concentration on the transport of motile and non-motile bacteria in porous media. Environ Sd Technol 32 1699-1708 Cary JW, Simmons CS, McBride JE (1989) CHI infiltration and redistribution in unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 53 335-342... 

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