Soggy sand electrolytes

The protons are dissociated away in contact with the water in the internal channels. Center. A covalent bonding of proton donor-acceptor molecules and a sufficiently dense stacking leads to a solvent free proton transport. Bottom. In the soggy sand electrolytes anions are absorbed at the surfaces of the insulating matrix (e.g., SiOJ. The respective cations (e.g., Li+) are free while far away from the matrix essentially associated in form of ions pairs if the solvent is a weak dielectric. 

Bhattacharyya AJ, Maier J. Second phase effects on the conductivity of non-aqueous salt solutions soggy sand electrolytes. Adv Mater. 2004 16 811-4. 

F. Croce, G. B. Appetecchi, L. Persi and B. Scrosati, Nature 394 (1998) 456 W. Wieczorek, Z. Florjanczyk and J. R. Stevens, Electrochim. Acta 40(13-14) (1995) 2251. The effect can be even seen when the polymer is replaced by a liquid solvent ( soggy sand electrolytes ) cf. Ref.202. 

Such an effect has been clearly demonstrated in the so-called soggy sand electrolytes , in which SiOg admixtures significantly enhance the conductivities of salt-containing nonaqueous liquid solvents (e.g. LiC104 in MeOH) [269]. 

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