Soft tissues stiffness

LBP, stiff shoulder, epicondylitis and tendonitis. In soft tissue rheumatism pain at rest and/or during activity, stiffness, tenderness, and disability are the predominant features. Physical deformities are minimal but disabilities are major problems. 

From this we can see that the papermaker is locked into a certain sheet density for a particular dry strength. Variations in furnish can help, but often these are accompanied by other effects such as reducing opacity or increasing cost. Other compromises may also need to be made in terms of stiffness, softness (tissue), opacity, porosity, tear or drainage. 

High modulus or stiffness of cured polymers at soft tissue application sites and associated mechanical incompatibility, which can lead to adhesive joint failure and/or irritation of the surrounding tissue... 

Both perilymph and endolymph have the viscosity and density of water. The bone of the wall and the bony shelf appear to be similar to compact bone, with density approximately twice that of water. The remaining components of the cochlea are soft tissue with density near that of water. The stiffnesses of the components vary over a wide range, as indicated by the values of Young s modulus listed in Table 63.1. These values are taken directly or estimated from many sources, including the stiffness measurements in the cochlea by Bekesy [1960], Gummer and coworkers [1981], Strelioff and Flock [1984], Miller [1985], Zwislocki and Cefaratti [1989], and Olson and Mountain [1994]. 

Ziegert and Lewis [9] measured the in vivo indentation properties of the soft tissues covering the anterior-medial tibiae. A preload of 22.4 N was used with indentors of 6 to 25 mm in diameter. The observed load displacement relationship were essentially linearly elastic. The structural stiffness was noted to vary by up to 70% between sites in one individual and up to 300% between individuals. Unfortunately, the thicknesses of overlying tissues were not determined at the different sites for the individuals studied. 

Bader and Bowker [1] studied the in vivo indentation properties of soft tissues on the anterior aspects of human forearms and thighs by applying constant pressures of 11.7 and 7 kPa respectively. Tissue thickness was measured by using a skinfold caliper and Poisson s rato was assumed to be 0.3. With these data, the stiffness of forearm and thigh tissue were calculated to be, respectively, 1.99 and 1,51 kPa. 

The human body consists of numerous types of tissues. The stiffness of these tissues encompasses an entire spectrum from soft tissues, that are easily bent, to bones that are very stiff Therefore the required stiffness of the barb in a barbed suture needs to be different for different tissues. This may be achieved by varying the barb geometry and the configuration of the barbs along the monofilament suture, as well as by selecting a specific polymer material with the required stiffness. 

With single-piece silicone implants for the finger and wrist, the stems of the implant are free to move and therefore silicone wear debris is generated as the silicone abrades against the bone. These silicone wear particles can cause an inflammatory response that results in pain, joint stiffness, loss of joint motion and soft tissue swelling (Shepherd, 2002 Shepherd and Johnstone, 2002). 

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