Sodium oxide, respiratory toxicity

Upper respiratory toxicants include hydrogen halides (hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide), oxides (nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, sodium oxide), and hydroxides (ammonium hydroxide, sodium dusts, and potassium hydroxides). Lower respiratory toxicants include monomers (such as acrylonitrile), halides (fluorine, chlorine, bromine), and other miscellaneous... 

The primary routes of entry for animal exposure to chromium compounds are inhalation, ingestion, and, for hexavalent compounds, skin penetration. This last route is more important in industrial exposures. Most hexavalent chromium compounds are readily absorbed, are more soluble than trivalent chromium in the pH range 5 to 7, and react with cell membranes. Although hexavalent compounds are more toxic than those of Cr(III), an overexposure to compounds of either oxidation state may lead to inflammation and irritation of the eyes, skin, and the mucous membranes associated with the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Skin ulcers and perforations of nasal septa have been observed in some industrial workers after prolonged exposure to certain hexavalent chromium compounds (108—110), ie, to chromic acid mist or sodium and potassium dichromate. 

The toxicity of hypochlorite arises from its corrosive activity on skin and mucous membranes. Corrosive burns may occur immediately upon exposure to concentrated bleach products. Most of this corrosiveness stems from the oxidizing potency of the hypochlorite itself, a capacity that is measured in terms of available chlorine . The alkalinity of some preparations may contribute substantially to the tissue injury and mucosal erosion. Sodium hypochlorite when combined with an acid or ammonia may produce chlorine or chloramine gas, respectively. An inhalation exposure to these gases may result in irritation to mucous membranes and the respiratory tract, which may manifest itself as a chemically induced pneumonitis. 

Synonyms 2,3-Dihydro-2,3-dioxo-1 H-indole-5-sulfonic acid 2,3-Dioxo-5-indolinesulfonic acid, sodium salt 1H-lndole-5-sulfonic acid, 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dioxo-, sodium salt 5-Indolinesulfonic acid, 2,3-dioxo- 5-Isatinsulfonic acid, sodium salt lsatin-5-sulfonic acid, sodium salt Sodium 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dioxo-1H-indole-5-sulfonate Sodium 2,3-dioxo-5-indolinesulfonate Sodium 5-sulfoisatin 5-Sulfoisatin, sodium salt Empirical CsHsNOsS Na Properties Orange powd. sol. 5-10 mg/ml in water sol. < 1 mg/ml in DMSO, 95% ethanol, acetone m.w. 249.18 m.p. > 300 C Toxicology May be harmful by inh., ing., or skin absorp. irritating to eyes, skin, mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract Precaution Probably combustible incompat. with strong oxidizing agents Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Toxic fumes of CO, CO2, NOx, SOx emits toxic fumes underfire conditions... 

Tomdogy LD50 (oral, rat) 6300 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) > 2000 mg/kg severe eye irritant mild skin irritant inh. may irritate respiratory tract TSCA listed Precaution Incompat. with oxidizers, reactive metals, sodium or calcium hypochlorite, dehydrating agents reaction with peroxide may create explosion Hazardous decomp, prods. May generate toxic or irritating combustion prods., CO, COj, aldehydes, ketones HMIS Health 2, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Storage Store In cool, dry, ventilated area in closed containers Surfynol EP-830 [Air Prods./Perf. Chems.]... 

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