Sodium ground-state electron configuration

PROBLEM 5.18 What is a likely ground-state electron configuration for the sodium ion, Na +, formed by loss of an electron from a neutral sodium atom What is a likely ground-state electron configuration for the chloride ion, Cl-, formed by adding an electron to a neutral chlorine atom ... 

Give the ground-state electron configuration for each of the following elements (a) Sodium (b) Aluminum (c) Silicon (d) Calcium... 

Write out the ground state electronic configurations for (a) phosphorus, (b) sodium, and (c) titanium. You can find the atomic numbers of these elements on a periodic table. 

Sodium s two bright lines have wavelengths of 588.9590 nm and 589.9524 nm. What is the ground-state electron configuration notation for sodium, and how does sodium s electron configuration relate to the lines ... 

As a relevant example, Figure 6.4 shows the room temperature absorption spectrum of Eu + in sodium chloride (NaCl). In this crystal, europium is incorporated in the divalent state, replacing Na+ lattice ions. The spectrum of Eu + ion in NaCl consists of two broad bands, centered at about 240 nm and 340 nm, which correspond to transitions from the ground state ( 87/2) of the 4f electronic configuration to states of the 4f 5d excited electronic configuration. In fact, the energy separation between... 

The build-up of the third period, from sodium to argon, is an echo of what happened in the second first the one 3s orbital is filled, and then the three 3p orbitals. As the number of electrons in an atom reaches 15 or 20, it is frequently the practice to explicitly include only those electrons added in the building up beyond the last preceding noble-gas element. The configuration of that noble gas is then represented by its chemical symbol enclosed in brackets. The ground-state configuration of silicon, for example, is written [Ne]3s 3p using this system. 

Notice how the first 10 electrons in the ground state configuration of sodium, nNa, are arranged in the exact same way as the 10 electrons of neon, 10Ne. 

A condensed ground state configuration for sodium can be written using [Ne] to represent the first 10 electrons of sodium that have the identical configuration as neon. 

Figure 5. Set of time-resolved UV-near-IR spectroscopic data (3.44-0.99 eV) following the femtosecond UV excitation of an aqueous sodium chloride solution ([H20]/[NaCl] = 55). An instrumental response of the pump-probe configuration at 1.77 eV (n-heptane) is also shown in the middle part of the figure. The ultra-short-lived components discriminated by UV and IR spectroscopy correspond to low or high excited CTTS states (CTTS, CTTS ), electron-atom pairs (Che pairs), and excited hydrated electrons (ehyd )- The spectral signature of relaxed electronic states (ground state of a hydrated electron, (ehyd) electron-cation pairs, a e hyd) observed in the red spectral region.

Figure 9. Influence of ionic strength, < R)) (molecular ratio), on the relative spectral contributions of femtosecond photoinduced electron-transfer processes in aqueous sodium chloride solutions. The ionic strength is dj ined by the molecular ratio, R, which equals [H20]/[XC1], The different test wavelenghs (0.99, 1.24, 1.72, 1.77, and 1.88 eV) permit the discrimination of transient electronic states (CTTS, e m, electron-atom pairs Cl e Na ) and two configurations of the hydrated electron ground state ( e hyd)- concentrated ionic solution (R = 9), an electron photodetachment channel favors the formation of polaron-like states ( a e hyd) (see reference 86).

Physical and Chemical Properties Sodium is an alkali metal which readily loses one electron hence, + 1 is its only oxidation state. The atomic number of sodium in the Periodic Table of the elements is 11 (Group 1), and its atomic weight is 22.98977. Sodium melts at 97.8°C and boils at 881.4 °C. The sodium atom in its ground state has the electron configuration 1 s, 2 s p , 3 s which corresponds to a case with an electronic nature of the inert gas neon, and an additional single-valence electron in the 3 s orbital. The configuration occurs only in the oxidation state I" in ionic compounds. Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water and highly ionized. 

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