Sodium formate as reducing agent

Sodium azide, reaction with l butyl chloroacetate, 46, 47 reaction with diazomum salt from o amino-f> -ni trobiphcny L, 46, 86 Sodium chlorodifluoroacetate, 47, SO reaction with tnphenylphosphme and benzaldehyde, 47, SO Sodium ethoxide, 46, 2S reaction with diethyl succinate, 46,2S Sodium formate as reducing agent in preparation of palladium catalyst, 46, 90... 

Sodium formate as reducing agent in preparation of palladium catalyst, 46,90... 

Metal nanoparticles are unstable with respect to agglomeration to the bulk, van der Waals forces between the particles attract them to such an extent that metal metal bond formation occms. The fact that nanoparticles can be kept in solution is due to either electrostatic or steric stabilization. For instance, the ruby red gold sols, prepared from [AuCLi]" and sodium citrate as reducing agent, are stabilized by an electrical double layer formed by adsorbed citrate and chloride... 

Sodium borohydride reductions of gold(I) complexes give Au clusters at RT if sodium borohydride in ethanol is dropped slowly into a suspension of the Au(I) complex in the same solvent. The immediate coloring of the reaction mixture (mostly red), even after only a few drops of the borohydride have been added, indicates fast formation of Au clusters. In view of the complicated composition of these compounds the fast formation is surprising. The use of H2 and CO with HjO as reducing agents in the synthesis of gold clusters has been described (see Table 1, Method A, 8.2.2.2). 

Sodium Formate, H.COO.Na mw 68.01 wh, si hygroscopic powd sp gr 1-919, mp 245° (dec) sol in w si sol in ale insol in eth. Can be prepd by hearing under pressure of NaOH with CO purified by crystallization. Used as reducing agent, mordant and manuf of formic acid, methyl formate and oxalic acid... 

In a series of papers,28 Calo has taken the approach of using ([Pdl2(mbth)2] (mbth = methylbenzthiazolylidene, Fig. 4) complexes in [NBu4]Br, with sodium formate as a reducing agent, but without added... 

Alcoholic potassium hydroxide and sodium alcoholates have also been used as reducing agents for aromatic nitro compounds the free alcohol or the alcoholate ion presumably acts as the reducing agent in these cases as illustrated for w,m -diiodoazoxybenzene (8 equation 6). In a few instances, where benzyl alcohol was used to prepare sodium benzylate, pure azoxy products were obtained without the formation of amino by-products. 

Hypophosphites find application as reducing agents in electroless plating of nickel on to steel (Chapter 12.7), as medicinal tonics, and as anti-oxidants and stabilisers in the production of plastics. The use of sodium hypophosphite for meat preservation has been suggested, since it would avoid the possibility of formation of toxic nitrosamines. 

The use of 2,4,6-tri-isopropylbenzenesulphonylhydrazides (in place of the tosylhydrazide) allows milder conditions to be used for the preparation of aromatic aldehydes by the McFadyen-Stevens reaction. Addition of hydrazine hydrate and traces of cupric sulphate suppresses formation of aromatic ester and alcohol by-products. Reduction of oxazolinium salts by sodium borohydride, as part of the well known sequence for the conversion of carboxylic acids into aldehydes, can lead to ring cleavage to form amino-alcohols. It is now reported that over-reduction is much less marked if potassium tri-s-butylborohydride is used as reducing agent (Scheme 2) ... 

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