Sodium complexes biology

Much of the pressure to develop automated sequential HPLC separations has come from the necessity to separate complex biological mixtures, especially protein mixtures. Traditionally, complex mixtures of proteins have been separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D GEP). The first dimension gel separation is carried out with electrophoresis buffers, the gel plate is rotated 90° and the second SDS-PAGE separation is carried out under denaturing conditions, using sodium dilauryl sulfate. The separated spots are then visualized, scraped off the plate, and then extracted for further analysis. Protein analysis by MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry starts with this time- and labor-intensive 2D GEP separation mode. 

In addition to its industrial importance as an intermediate in the synthesis of vitamin K, menadione, or more specifically, salts of its bisulfite adduct, are important commodities in the feed industry and are used as stabilized forms in this appHcation. Commercially significant forms are menadione dimethyl pyrimidinol (MPB) (10) and menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) (11). MSB is sold primarily as its sodium bisulfite complex. The influence of feed processing, ie, pelleting, on the stabiUty of these forms has been investigated (68). The biological availabiUties and stabiUty of these commercial sources has been deterrnined (69,70). 

A final example of the simulation of a complex system is a series of MD simulations of bilayer membranes. Membranes are crucial constituents of living organisms they are the scene for many important biological processes. Experimental data are known for model systems for example for the system sodium decanoate, decanol and water that forms smectic liquid crystalline structures at room temperature, with the lipids organized in bilayers. 

Knowledge of complex permittivities of appropriate electrolyte solutions is useful in assessing interactions of microwave radiation with biological tissues. A full study and analysis of complex permittivities of sodium chloride solutions as a function of concentration, temperature, and microwave frequency (207) has laid the foundations for a similar investigation of calcium salt solutions. 

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