Sodium bismuthate oxidant

Sodium bismuthate (oxidation of manganese) heat 20 parts of NaOH nearly to redness in an iron or nickel crucible, and add slowly 10 parts of basic bismuth nitrate which has been previously dried. Add 2 parts of sodium peroxide, and pour the brownish-yellow fused mass on an iron plate to cool. When cold break up in a mortar, extract with water, and collect on an asbestos filter. 

Scheme 5.6. A proposed mechanism for the sodium bismuthate oxidation of olefins [71KKZ1807].

Sodium bismuthate Oxidative ring opening of isocyclics... 

A homologous aliphatic acid, methyl 3,4-dicarboxy-3-hydroxy-19-oxoeicosanoate (43), has been isolated from Usnea meridensis 210). The structure of this compound followed from the spectroscopic and chemical properties, by comparison with the properties of caperatic acid (41) and by sodium bismuthate oxidation to methyl 3,19-dioxoeicosanoate (44) 210). Caperatic acid (41) and methyl 3,4-dicarboxy-3-hydroxy-19-oxoeico-sanoate (43) have similar optical rotations but the absolute configuration of these acids remains to be determined. 

Sodium bismuthate Oxidative degradation of cortisone side chains... 

A variety of oxidative reagents can be used to convert 17-hydroxypregnanes containing an additional oxygen function at C-20 into 17-ketoandrostanes. Among the most widely used have been chromium trioxide, lead tetraacetate, periodic acid and sodium bismuthate. 

Bismuth Oxide Triglycollamic Acid Sodium Carbonate... 

A mixture of 2.33 g of bismuth oxide (BijOa), 3.71 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, and 7.64 g of triglycollamic acid and 40 cc of water was heated at B0°C on the water bath until all was dissolved. The solution was avaporated on the water bath to a syrup. The syrup was allowed to cool, during which time partial solidification occurred. It was then triturated with 300 cc of alcohol, and the solid anhydrous salt was collected on a filter, washed with alcohol, ground fine, and dried in a vacuum desiccator. This substance has a water solubility at 25°C of 31 S% by weight. It decomposes on heating in the melting point bath. 

The collection behaviour of chromium species was examined as follows. Seawater (400 ml) spiked with 10-8 M Crm, CrVI, and Crm organic complexes labelled with 51Cr was adjusted to the desired pH by hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. An appropriate amount of hydrated iron (III) or bismuth oxide was added the oxide precipitates were prepared separately and washed thoroughly with distilled water before use [200]. After about 24 h, the samples were filtered on 0.4 pm nucleopore filters. The separated precipitates were dissolved with hydrochloric acid, and the solutions thus obtained were used for /-activity measurements. In the examination of solvent extraction, chromium was measured by using 51Cr, while iron and bismuth were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The decomposition of organic complexes and other procedures were also examined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. 

Iodine is also given off to a small extent in dissolving the uranium metal in nitric acid, but larger amounts may be obtained on steam distillation after dissolution (5). Ruthenium is often removed from the fission products by distillation of the volatile tetroxide formed by oxidation with potassium permangate, sodium bismuthate, periodic acid (38) etc. The distillation goes readily and gives a product of good purity. 

System (2) has been described for the assay of corticosteroids (cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisone, and prednisolone) in urine [141]. Prior to introduction into the GC system, the sample was eluted with 2 1 ethyl acetate-methanol, the extracts evaporated to dryness, and then oxidized with sodium bismuthate. Used in the method was a silanized column (132 cm X 5 mm) containing 2,2-dimethylpropane-l,3-diol adipate (0.65%) supported on celite, and operated at 230°C. The carrier gas was argon, and the detector used strontium 90-ionization. The standard deviation was 3.5 % (based on 47 determinations). 

System (4) has been reported for the quantitative determination of steroids in health and disease [143], Prior to analysis, free steroids were removed from the sample. Conjugated steroids were enzymatically hydrolyzed, and the liberated products extracted into 1 3 tetrahydrofuran-ethyl ether. The extract was evaporated, the residue dissolved in acetic acid, and then oxidized with sodium bismuthate. The final product was acetylated or formulated, and subjected to GC analysis along with the standard. A stabilized column of 4% LAC-2R-446 and 1% 85% phosphoric acid on... 

Solid sodium bismuthate (NaBi03) has an oxidizing strength similar to that of Ag2+ and S201. Excess solid oxidant is removed by filtration. 

The occurrence of a similar reaction has recently been indicated by studies carried out in this laboratory (7). If p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (XXXVI) was oxidized with sodium bismuthate, the spirocyclic epoxy-cyclohexadienone (XXXVII) was obtained. The epoxide ring of this compound was hydrolyzed almost instantaneously by 2N aqueous hydrochloric acid and in a few hours by 10% aqueous acetic acid. However, the expected glycol (XXXVIII) could not be isolated since it decomposed immediately into equimolar amounts of hydroquinone and formaldehyde. (Attempts are now being made to prepare compounds analogous to XXXVIII but containing, in addition to the HOCH2 group, a carbon sub-... 

Bismuth Oxide. Combine all the liquors from the foregoing add sodium carbonate until alkaline to litmus let settle, and draw off the supernatant liquor boil the remaining suspension after adding to it about 20 grams more of sodium carbonate. Then wash the precipitate twice by decantation, drain on a suction filter, and wash with two or three portions of water. Dry and preserve this product in a cork-stoppered bottle. 

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