Soaking performance requirements

The strategy given in the generic guideline should be applicable to Paks NPP, but specific analysis has been performed to establish the soak time requirements (see analysis No. 12. in Appendix 4)... 

The minerals on which the work was performed during the nineteenth century were indeed rare, and the materials isolated were of no interest outside the laboratory. By 1891, however, the Austrian chemist C. A. von Welsbach had perfected the thoria gas mantle to improve the low luminosity of the coal-gas flames then used for lighting. Woven cotton or artificial silk of the required shape was soaked in an aqueous solution of the nitrates of appropriate metals and the fibre then burned off and the nitrates converted to oxides. A mixture of 99% ThOz and 1% CeOz was used and has not since been bettered. CeOz catalyses the combustion of the gas and apparently, because of the poor thermal conductivity of the ThOz, particles of CeOz become hotter and so brighter than would otherwise be possible. The commercial success of the gas mantle was immense and produced a worldwide search for thorium. Its major ore is monazite, which rarely contains more than 12% ThOz but about 45% LnzOz. Not only did the search reveal that thorium, and hence the lanthanides, are more plentiful than had previously been thought, but the extraction of the thorium produced large amounts of lanthanides for which there was at first little use. 

Procedure to perform several adiabatic oxidatively-heating tests, which are started from each r, with mutual intervals of 1 2 K, in order to calculate the heat generation data of an oil-soaked adsorbent cotton, for 2 cm each of several samples of the oil-soaked adsorbent cotton charged each in the draft cell, into which air is supplied, for the time. At, required for the temperature of each sample of the oil-soaked adsorbent cotton to increase by the definite value of AT of 1.25 K from the corresponding standard temperature, respectively... 

The only data used were those obtained from effective steam soaks of type I reservoirs performed under conditions conforming to requirements. The results of the study are given in Fig. 24 and 25. 

To determine whether the inherent silver and silver coated thread samples would show antimicrobial activity when subjected to soaking wet conditions, the dynamic shake method, ASTM E2149, was performed. The log reduction results after 1 hour and 24 hours incubation at 37 "C (Table 3) show that under soaking wet conditions the inherent silver and silver coated thread samples do exhibit a reduction in bacterial growth. The untreated control samples show an increase in bacterial growth. From these results it would appear the antibacterial activity of inherent silver and silver coated thread samples require soaking wet conditions to exhibit dieir antibacterial properties. As with the AATCC 100 method, the carbonised bamboo sample showed no antimicrobial activity. 

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