Snail Apple, Pomacea paludosa

Eisemann JD, Beyer WN, Bermetts RE, Morton A. 1997. Mercury residues in South Florida apple snails Pomacea paludosa). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 58 739-743. 

Apple snail, Pomacea paludosa soft parts ... 

No data are available on the toxicity of copper to avian wildlife. All studies with birds and copper use domestic chickens, ducks, or turkeys (Table 3.6). Copper, however, may indirectly affect avian wildlife by curtailing certain prey species. Winger et al. (1984), for example, show that apple snails (Pomacea paludosa) are not only extremely susceptible to copper (LC50 of 24 to 57 pg/L in 96 h immatures most sensitive), but are the primary food of the snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis), an endangered species. The decline of the apple snail in southern Florida coincided with the use of copper-diquat to control hydrilla aquatic weeds (Hydrilla verticillata), with serious implications for the snail kite (Winger et al. 1984). 

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