Smokeless gunpowder

Since black powder is relatively low in energy, it leaves a large proportion of corrosive solids after explosion and absorbs moisture readily, it was succeeded in late 1800s by smokeless gunpowder and picric acid. The first smokeless powder, known as cordite, was invented by tbe English chemists Sir James Dewar and Sir Frederick Augustus Abel in 1889. It was made in two forms a gelatinized nitrocellulose and a mixture of NC and NG with a small quantity of petroleum jelly added to act as a stabilizer. Smokeless powder soon became tbe primary ammunition for use in pistols. 

ToF-SIMS has been utilized to obtain characteristic mass spectra and images from different smokeless gunpowders and black powder samples.17 In the mass spectra obtained, peaks indicative of both the organic and inorganic additive constituents in the gunpowder samples were observed. 

C/89. A Ger designation for a double—base proplnt similar in compn to an Italian Ballistite. It was also known as RGP/89 (Rauchloses Geschiitzpulver, 1889, which means Smokeless Gunpowder, 1889)... 

Recall that another use of cellulose nitrate was as guncotton, the smokeless gunpowder. Clearly a concern about using this cellulose derivative was... 

What might the products be from an explosion of smokeless gunpowder How many moles of COj and HjO would come from one mole of trinitroglucose Does the molecule contain enough oxygen for the production of these two substances ... 

Perhaps the first of the numerous patents for mixtures of starch nitrate with oxidants, and the like, was assigned to W. Schiickher in 1889 for the production of a smokeless gunpowder. His mix included ammonium, barium, potassium, sodium and starch nitrates, together with potassium chlorate, picric acid salts, nitronaphthalene, and carbon. The starch nitrate used was probably defective in stability. 

As an ingredient in the manufacture of the explosive known as smokeless gunpowder ... 

MAJOR USES Used as an intermediate in the manufacture of polyurethanes, toluidines, dyes, explosives, smokeless gunpowders used for organic synthesis. 

ORIGIN/INDUSTRY SOURCES/USES intermediate for polyurethanes, explosives, dyes, smokeless gunpowders, toluidines, organic synthesis manufacture of 2,4-diaminotoluene propellant additive gelatinizing and waterproofing agent... 

Esterification of cellulose to give cellulose trinitrate was discovered by Schonbein in 1846 using a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. The resultant compound was so flammable that its first use was as smokeless gunpowder. By the end of the ninteenth century, cellulose nitrates had been prepared with a lower DS, and they could safely be used for other purposes. All cellulose nitrates are prepared by Schonbein s method, in which an... 

Ixinded to nitrate groups, as Figure 18.7 illustrates. Schobein s attempts to market nitrocellulose as a smokeless gunpowder ( mcottoti) were unsuccessful, mainly because of a number of lethal explosions at plants producing the material. 

Until the nineteenth century, all fibers came from natural sources. In the late nineteenth century, nitrocellulose vreis first used to develop smokeless gunpowder it also became the first commercially successful plastic celluloid. 

Cordite (Sir James Dewar) Dewar, with Sir Frederick Abel, invents cordite, a smokeless gunpowder that is widely adopted for munitions. 

Smokeless gunpowder (Hudson Maxim) Maxim (perhaps with brother Hiram) develops a version of smokeless gunpowder that is adopted for modern hre-arms he goes on to develop a smokeless cannon powder that will be used during World War I. 

GCMS has been used for the analysis of smokeless gunpowders. Thirty-three commercial smokeless powders were compared using GCMS with El and Cl (methane) (230). The same investigators unsuccessfully attempted to use this... 

For two and a half years, Mendeleev worked actively for the Russian Navy to develop a form of smokeless gunpowder. Mendeleev did not hesitate to discuss the implications of his gunpowder for naval procedures and organization, but he did not extend the work s philosophical implications into the realm of solutions and colloid theory from which it clearly emerged. 

Gordin, 2003] M. D. Gordin. A Modernization of Peerless Homogeneity The Creation of Russian Smokeless Gunpowder. Technology and Culture 44 677-702, 2003. 

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