Smith periodate degradation

Smith periodate degradation, partial acidic hydrolysis, reduction of uronosyl residues, acetolysis, as well as base elimination reactions and other degradation procedures that can be applied to uronosyl residues, and n.m.r. spectroscopy [261]. Increasing availability of purified enzymes with well-defined action patterns should assist future studies [106, 262], Structural features can also be recognised by monoclonal antibodies [268],... 

Goldstein, I. J., G. W. Hay, B. A. Lewis, and F. Smith Controlled Degradation of Polysaccharides by Periodate Oxidation, Reduction, and Hydrolysis. Methods in Carbohydr. Chem. 5, 361. New York, San Francisco, London Academic Press. 1965. 

Paraquat is not degraded significantly in soil during incubation periods up to 16 months at 25°C by chemical or microbiological vectors (Smith and Mayfield 1978). For example, paraquat dichloride applied once annually at 4.48 kg/ha, or 4 times annually at 1.12 kg/ha, remained essentially undegraded in the soil for 6 years (Fryer et al. 1975 Moyer and Lindwall 1985). Massive applications... 

Monosaccharide residues containing vicinal hydroxyl groups are oxidized by periodate, and are subsequently removed in the reduction-hydrolysis step. Therefore, the positions to which such monosaccharide residues are linked can be located by methylation analysis performed before, and after, Smith degradation. Alternatively,59 the oxidized and reduced sample is methylated, the ether hydrolyzed, and the product realkylated with CD3I or CH3CH2I. This kind of procedure can have advantages over that first described. For example, methylation before the hydrolysis step hinders the acetal protection of hydroxyl groups that can occur in acid hydrolysis.7... 

Autotrophic activity. Because of the low C N ratio and its declining value as carbonaceous residues are degraded there is substantial ammonification. With all mean treatment times greater than the doubling time of Nitrobacter sp. nitrification will occur provided that oxygen is not limiting. Smith and Evans (19) found that with DO levels above 15% of saturation, nitrification continued until the culture was limited by a fall in pH level. Up to 40% of the slurry ammonia was oxidised. The autotrophic activity never achieved steady state and cycled between periods of activity when the pH value was above about 5.5 and periods of inactivity when the pH value fell below 5.5. Complete nitrification of all ammonia only occurred if the pH value was controlled at about 7 by the addition of alkali. When the DO level was held within the range of 1 to 15% of saturation a system of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was established. The reduction of nitrate allowed the pH value to remain above 6 and nitrification to continue. Thus more than 70% of the ammonia was oxidised. If the DO level was held below 0.1% of saturation, nitrification was inhibited (unpublished). 

What products would you expect from cellulose as a result of methylation analysis Periodate oxidation The Smith degradation The action of an alpha amylase ... 

JS) and of products of two successive periodate oxidation and Smith degradation stages (38). 

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