Smith liposomes

Peroxidation of lipids is another factor which must be considered in the safety evaluation of liposome administration. Smith and coworkers (1983) demonstrated that lipid peroxides can play an important role in liver toxicity. Allen et al. (1984) showed that liposomes protected by an antioxidant caused less MPS impairment than liposomes subjected to mild oxidizing conditions. From the study of Kunimoto et al. (1981) it can be concluded that the level of peroxidation in freshly prepared liposome preparations and those on storage strongly depends both on the phospholipid fatty acid composition and on the head group of the phospholipid. Addition of appropriate antioxidants to liposomes composed of lipids which are liable to peroxidation and designed for use in human studies is therefore necessary. 

Dufresne, L, A. Desormeaux, J. Bestman-Smith, P. Gourde, M.J. Tremblay, and M.G. Bergeron, Targeting lymph nodes with liposomes bearing anti-HLA-DR Fab fragments. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1999. 1421(2) 284-94. 

Porteous, D.J., Dorin, J.R., McLachlan, G., Davidson-Smith, H., David, H., Stevenson, B.J. et al. (1997) Evidence for safety and efficacy of DOTAP cationic liposome mediated CFTR gene transfer to the nasal epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis. Gene Ther., 4, 210-218. 

Porteous, D. J., Dorin, J. R., McLachlan, G., Davidson-Smith, H., Davidson, H., Stevenson, B. J., Carothers, A. D., Wallace, W. A., Moralee, S., Hoenes, C., Kallmeyer, G., Michaelis, U., Naujoks, K., Ho, L. P., Samways, J. M., Imrie, M., Greening, A. P. and Innes, J. A. (1997). Evidence for safety and efficacy of DOTAP cationic liposome mediated CFTR gene transfer to the nasal epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis. Gene Ther. 4, 210-218. 

Ranson MR, Carmichael J, O Byrne K, Stewart S, Smith D, Howell A. Treatment of advanced breast cancer with sterically stabilized liposomal doxorubicin resmts of a multicenter phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 1997 15(10) 3185-91. 

Smith DA, Porter TM, Martinez J, Huang S, MacDonald RC, McPherson DD, Holland CK (2007) Destruction thresholds of echogenic liposomes with clinical diagnostic ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol 33 797-809... 

Alton NFW, Middleton PG, Caplen NJ, Smith SN, Steel DM, Munkonge FM, Jeffery PK, Geddes DM, Hart SL, Williamson R, Fasold KI, Miller AD, Dickinson P, Stevenson BJ, Molachlan G, Dorin JR, Porteous DJ. Noninvasive liposome-mediated gene delivery can correct the ion transport defect in cystic fibrosis mutant mice. Nat Genet 1993, 5, 135-142. 

Ranson, M. R., Carmichael, J., O Byme, K., Stewart, S., Smith, D. and HoweU, A., Treatment of advanced breast cancer with stericaUy stabilised liposomal doxorubicin results of a multicentre phase II trial, /. Clin. Oncol, 15,3185,1997. 

Smith AM, Jaime-fonseca MR, Grover LM, Bakalis S (2010) Alginate-Loaded liposomes can protect encapsulated alkaline phosphatase functionality when exposed to gastric ph. J Agric Food Chem 58 4719 724... 

Woolfrey, S. G. Taylor, G. Kellaway, 1. W. Smith, A. Pulmonary absorption of liposome-encapsulated 6-carboxyfluorescein. J. Controlled Release 1988,5, 203-209. 

MeLachlan G, Davidson DJ, Stevenson BJ, Diekinson P, Davidson-Smith H, Dorin JR, Porteous DJ. Evaluation in vitro and in vivo of cationic liposome-expression eonstruet eomplexes for cystic fibrosis gene therapy. Gene Ther 1995 2 614-622. 

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