Smetic liquid crystals

The problem of identifying phases in the area between highly-ordered, smetic liquid crystals and condis crystals is well recognized and often only solvable when a complete motional, structural, and entropic analysis is available. 

Also, further X-ray studies began to advance knowledge of the structure of liquid crystal phases, particularly smectics. The work of de Vries and Diele should be mentioned, and later on, notably that by Leve-lut and co-workers in France and Leadbet-ter in England (see, for example, [37, 38]), work which culminated in the 1980s in a clear structural elucidation and classification of smetic liquid crystals. This distin-... 

Optical investigations of smetic liquids indicated a behaviour of uniaxial or biaxial crystals depending on the special type of material. They are usually positive birefringent, which means that with transmitted light the ordinary beam has a lower refractive index. The nematic liquid is optically positive. 

H. L. Ong and C. Y. Young, Opticalli/ Inductd Molecular Rayri-entation in a Smetic-C Liquid Crystal. Phys. U< v. A (1984)... 

The application of this fluoro-epoxide for the synthesis of dimeric liquid crystals which exhibited st le anti ferroelectric chiral Smetic C Riase and were good dopants for anti-ferroelectric liquid crystals was shown by Hiyama and co-workers (Figure 12) (30). 

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