Small scattering pattern

Figure 14 Most characteristic small-angle laser light scattering patterns (Hv) observed with linear polyethylene fractions. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry from Ref. [224].

Most modern equipment is operated with small beam cross-section in order to minimize smearing effects and the need to desmear the scattering pattern. 

Figure 3. Small angle X-ray scattering from an epoxy impregnated PBT film, a) The measured scattering pattern b) data plotted to fit Equation 3. Continued on next page.

Fig. 16. Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering patterns from polyethylene sheet recorded during stretch (12 mm/min, 32% stretch/min) in the horizontal direction. An exposure time for each pattern was 1 s. Intervals between exposures were 70 s. An X-ray wavelength was 0.155 nm...

Fig. 18. Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering patterns from polypropylene sheet under quick stretch in the horizontal direction. A speed of stretch was 233 mm/min (367 % stietch/min). An exposure time for each pattern was 0.1 s. Intervals between exposures were 0.2 s. An X-ray wavelength was 0.155 nm. A slight deformation of the symmetric SAXS pattern was already observed in the second patterns, suggesting some degree of orientation was brought about in quite an early stage. The SAXS patterns changed abruptly and drastically in the sixth pattern just when the sample began to yield (when the tension began to decrease).

Fig. 8 Small-angle neutron scattering pattern of a lamellar phase...

Include the photographic prints and the small angle scattering patterns, if obtained. 

X-ray patterns of smectic polymers are characterized by a series of distinct equatorial layer reflexes at small scattering angles, as is seen from Figs. 8 and 9. The presence of small angle reflexes indicates smectic order in packing of side branches, which are stacked perpendicularly or inclinely to the planes of the smectic layers formed by the backbones of macromolecules. 

Fig. 4.1 Top schematic illustration of micellar phases formed by the Pluronic copolymer P85 (PE 026PP0i9 PEO,6) with increasing temperature. Bottom small-angle neutron scattering patterns from sheared solutions in D20 of this copolymer (25wt%). The three columns (left-right) correspond to a liquid spherical micelle phase at 25 °C, a cubic phase of spherical micelles at 27 °C and a hexagonal phase of rod-like micelles at 68 °C (Mortensen 1993a).

Fig. 4.11 Small-angle X-ray scattering patterns from a face-centred cubic phase formed by a PEO127PPO48PEO127 (F108) Pluronic solution (35 wt% in water) at 30 °C during oscillatory shear at 10rad s 1 with a strain amplitude of 40% (Diat et al. 1996). The patterns correspond to (a) the (q qt) plane and (b) the (<7v,4V) plane. In (c) the pattern was recorded in the (qv,qt) plane but with the beam incident close to the outer rotor. It corresponds to one of the FCC twins giving the diffraction pattern in Fig. 4.12(b).

Fig. 4.17 Small-angle X-ray scattering patterns for 38wt% aqueous solutions of PE04oPB010 (a) BCC phase observed between 5 and 50°C (b) FCC structure between 50 and 75 °C (c) hexagonally-packed cylinder phase above 75 °C (Pople et al. 1997).

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