Small scattering camera

Types of Synchrotron Radiation Small-Angle Scattering Cameras... 

Fig. 20. Schematic design of an energy-dispersive small-angle scattering camera A Beryllium window separates the vacuum of the storage ring from the experimental section. The polychromatic beam is collimated prior to the sample. The scattered radiation is recorded under a constant 29-angle by a Silicon-detector...

The optics of angular dispersive small angle scattering cameras differ according to the field of application. Thus the double monochromator camera is mainly used for anomalous dispersion experiments (Fig. 21) By varying the Bragg angle of two... 

Hg. 21. Schematic design of a double monochromator small-angle scattering camera. The first monochromator is at 24 m from the source. I denotes two ionization chambers. No focussing elements are used... 

In polymer research the information which can be obtained from small angle and wide angle scattering is often complimentary (see Sect. 4) which suggests to use a small angle scattering camera for both types of experiments. Practical arguments like the... 

Fig. 27. Geometry of a focussing small angle scattering camera after the focussing elements. The resolution is limited by the intense background which is due to scattering from the aperture sUt. The guard slit only limits the diffuse scattering without cutting into the primary beam...

Fig. 28. Calculation of the vertical resolution -L- of a small angle scattering camera. Lj corresponds to the distance of the guard slit to the detector plane (see Fig. 27). The other parameters are indicated in the text...

A considerably higher resolution is expected for a small angle scattering camera at a dedicated source like the NSLS at Brookhaven or the projected ESRF which is due to a smaller source point, a smaller vertical divergence and an optimum location of the optical elements. 

One is limited, however, by the angle of critical reflection as the intensity decreases with increasing angle of total reflection. From this point of view a mirror with heavy atom coating is preferable over a quartz mirror. In view of the use as a small angle scattering camera, low electron density materials have, however, been preferred (Sect. 3.2.2). 

X-Ray Scattering. A small angle X-ray scattering camera with a point collimation has been used for the determination of Bragg spa-cings of many liquid crystal samples. Temperature wa monitored between 20° and 30°C, and the samples were contained into a capillary tube. The measurements were made by the photographic method on the first two reflections. 

Franks A, Breakwell PR (1974) Developments in optically focusing reflectors for small angle x-ray scattering cameras. J Appl Cryst 7 122... 

Fig. 4. Schematic representation of the ultra small angle scattering camera at HASYLAB/Hamburg...

The cameras normally used for powder diffraction are also well standardized by the manufacturers of x-ray equipment and it is only an occasional special problem that will require an unusually designed camera such as an asymmetric focusing type or a special small angle scatter camera. Even these cameras are now commercially available. 

R. W. Hendricks, The ORNL 10-mater small-angle x-ray scattering camera,/, zlpp/. P s. 11 15(1978). 

Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments were performed by a small-angle camera using Cu IC, characteristic line from a rotating anode X-ray generator (Rigaku, RU-200) at the power of 50 kV and 150 mA. We used a one-dimensional position-sensitive proportional counter (MAC science, PSPC-5) to measure the scattered beam. Temperature was controlled by a personal computer within an accuracy of 0.01 °C. 

A Siemens Kratky camera system was utilized for small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements in conjunction with an M. Braun position sensitive detector from Innovative Technology Inc.. Wide angle x-ray diffraction was obtained utilizing a Philips table-top x-ray generator. 

For small angle scattering, Statton or equivalent camera... 

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