Small-scale prospective studies

Carbofuran. The only new state with a report of carbofuran in ground water is Maryland. The finding was beneath test plots on Maryland s Eastern Shore in a small-scale prospective study, and positives typically exceeded 5 ppb. A tracer was applied. More details cannot be given due to the fact that the information is considered by the registrant, FMC, to be confidential business information (60). Carbofuran has now been reported in three states ground water, at levels typically ranging between 1 and 50 ppb. 

Groundwater monitoring study (small-scale prospective)... 

Study Small-Scale Prospective Ground-Water Monitoring Study Study Protocol No. 12345... 

A few other issues related to process validation are under discussion. One is resin lifetime. Some firms are proposing concurrent validation rather than generating prospective laboratory scale for the entire lifetime. The concurrent approach would probably require more in-process testing, but the data generated may be more reliable since they are obtained at manufacturing scale. Clearly, eliminating the small-scale studies at this time for steps in which viral clearance is claimed will be quite difficult if not impossible. 

For the purposes of a small-scale retrospective or prospective study, the hollow stem, continuous-flight auger is recommended. 

The prospect of separating lithium isotopes on a large scale by the extraction of lithium from aqueous solutions is not very promising. In the system we have studied, reflux could be accomplished by an acid-base mechanism however, because of the small separation factor, an extremely large reflux ratio would be required. This would necessitate a very large plant using enormous quantities of acid and base, and the cost would be excessive. 

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