Slug volume

P 53] Before operation, a start-up time of about 10 min was applied to stabilize pressure in the chip micro reactor ([R 6]) [20]. As a result, a stable flow pattern was achieved. The reactant solutions were filled into vials. Slugs from the reactant solutions were introduced sequentially into the micro chip reactor with the autosampler and propelled through the chip with methanol as driving solvent. The flow rates were set to 1 pi min The slug volume was reduced to 2.5 pi. 

Micellar flooding is a promising tertiary oil-recovery method, perhaps the only method that has been shown to be successful in the field for depleted light oil reservoirs. As a tertiary recovery method, the micellar flooding process has desirable features of several chemical methods (e.g., miscible-type displacement) and is less susceptible to some of the drawbacks of chemical methods, such as adsorption. It has been shown that a suitable preflush can considerably curtail the surfactant loss to the rock matrix. In addition, the use of multiple micellar solutions, selected on the basis of phase behavior, can increase oil recovery with respect to the amount of surfactant, in comparison with a single solution. Laboratory tests showed that oil recovery-to-slug volume ratios as high as 15 can be achieved [439]. 

Table V. Effect of Oil-Rich/Water-Rich Slug Volume Ratio on Tertiary Recovery...

A UTCHEM chemical flood model was built based on history-matching core flood experiments. The chemical parameters were calibrated through matching experiments. The calibrated parameters were used to build a field sector model to simulate the ASP pilot test. In the model, detailed alkaline reactions were considered. It was probably the hrst time such an ASP model was applied in a real held scale. The model was used to optimize injection schemes. For example, the model showed that when the post-flush slug volume was in the range of 0.15 to 0.35 PV, the pilot performance was insensitive to the slug size. Therefore, 0.15 PV of post-flush slug was selected for the injection scheme. 

Equation (11-17) is defined per unit slug volume and should be multiplied by the Uquid holdup to obtain a mass transfer coefficient based on microchannel volume. Also, this equation is only valid for the region in which the circulating region has circulated at least once. Before a full circulation, the effect of circulation has hardly manifested itseF and the Sherwood numbers for very short tubes are complex nonmonotonic functions of slug length and tube length. 

Velocity of bubble, of slug Volume of reactor, volume of f channel... 

Vertical and horizontal line segments marked on the column test section made it possible to scale down the prints and their analysis gave values of wake length 1, wake volume v, slug length L and slug volume V. The data obtained are shown in Figures 3 and 4. 

Kqp = volumetric rate of gas exchange between cloud-wake and piston-flow region per unit slug volume, s ... 

The design slug volume is calculated by estimating the volume of reservoir to be treated radially around the wellbore. When the objective is to reduce fracture permeability, an estimate of the fracture volume is required. This approach is an approximate calculation at best and is illustrated in Example 3.15. 

Oil in gas droplet size Oil in water droplet size Water in oil droplet size Slug volume (water slug) Inlet nozzle momentum Momentum (gas outlet) Liquid outlet velocity Operating pressure... 

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