Sludge-amended soil, fractionation

Essington M.E., Mattigod S.V. Element partitioning in size- and density-fractionated sewage sludge and sludge-amended soil. Soil Sci Soc Am J 1990 54 385-394. 

Lake D.L., Kirk P.W.W., Lester J.N. Fractionation, characterization, and speciation of heavy metals in sewage sludge and sludge-amended soils A review. J Environ Qual 1984 13 175-183. 

Boyd, S.A. and Sommers, L.E., Humic and fulvic acid fractions from sewage sludges and sludge amended soils, in Humic Substances in Soil and Crop Sciences, Clapp, C.E., Malcolm, R.L., and Bloom, P.R., Eds., American Society of Agronomy, Inc. USA, 1990, pp. 203-220. 

Keefer, R.F., Codling, E.E., and Singh, R.N., Fractionation of metal-organic components extracted from a sludge-amended soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48, 1054, 1984. 

Taylor R, Xiu H, Mehadi A, Shuford J, Tadesse W (1995) Fractionation of residual cadmium, copper, nickel lead and zinc in previously sludge-amended soil. Comm Soil Sci Plant Ana 26 2193-2204 Taylor RM (1968) The association of manganese and cobalt in soils- further observations. J Soil Sci 19 77-80... 

The use of various extractants in the selective extraction of trace metals associated with different fractions of sediments, soils, sewage sludges, and sludge-amended soils has been comprehensively discussed (Pickering, 1986 Beckett, 1989). 

In Californian soils amended with sewage sludge for seven years, Ni is mostly present in the residual (64%), the organically bound (12%) and the carbonate fractions (18%) (Chang et al., 1984). Nickel in the carbonate fraction is found to increase with time in arid zone soils amended with sludge (Knudtsen and O Connor, 1987). In the sludge-amended calcareous soils of Southeast Spain, the residual and the carbonate bound Ni fractions are the major solid-phase (Moral et al., 2005). 

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