Sleep, cholinergic regulation

Sitaram N, Nurnberger JI, Gershon ES, Gillin JC (1982) Cholinergic regulation of mood and REM sleep potential model and marker of vulnerability to affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 139 571-576... 

Figure 3.1 Schematic representation of communication between pontine cholinergic REM-ON, NA-ergic REM-OFF and GABA-ergic neurons in the brainstem and influence of brainstem wake- and sleep-inducing areas on REM-ON and REM-OFF neurons for the regulation of REM sleep. Refer to the text for details. The abbreviations are same as in the text (+) indicates excitation and (—) indicates inhibition.

Baghdoyan, H. A. (1997). Cholinergic mechanisms regulating REM sleep. In Sleep Science Integrating Basic Research and Clinical Practice, ed. W. J. Schwartz. Basle S. Karger Publishing. 

ACh regulates the cortical arousal characteristic of both REM sleep and wakefulness (Semba, 1991, 2000 Sarter Bruno, 1997, 2000). Medial regions of the pontine reticular formation (Figs. 5.2 and 5.7) contribute to regulating both the state of REM sleep and the trait of EEG activation. Within the medial pontine reticular formation, presynaptic cholinergic terminals (Fig. 5.1) that release ACh also are endowed with muscarinic cholinergic receptors (Roth et al, 1996). Autoreceptors are defined as presynaptic receptors that bind the neurotransmitter that is released from the presynaptic terminal (Kalsner, 1990). Autoreceptors provide feedback modulation of transmitter release. Autoreceptor activation... 

Thakkar, M. M., Winston, S. McCarley, R. W. (2003b). Al receptor and adenosinergic homeostatic regulation of sleep-wakefulness effects of antisense to the Al receptor in the cholinergic basal forebrain. J. Neurosci. 23, 4278-87. 

Rates of firing of aminergic, cholinergic, and orexinergic neurons involved in the regulation of sleep and waking... 

The brain stem cholinergic neurons are essential for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles via projections to the thalamus. The cholinergic interneurons in the striatum modulate striatal GABAergic neurons by opposing the effects of dopamine. Increased cholinergic tone in Parkinson s disease and decreased cholinergic tone in patients treated with neuroleptics are examples of an imbalance of these two systems in the striatum (Cala-bresi et al., 2000). 

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