Site-specific markers

Kopertekh, L., Broer, I., Schiemann, J., 2009. Developmentally regulated site-specific marker gene excision in transgenic B. plants. Plant Cell Rep. 28,1075—1083. 

Marker excision by site-specific recombination Very clean excision, small footprint Complex cloning procedure. Requires additional transgene encoding Cre recombinase 39... 

Corneille, S. et al. (2001). Efficient elimination of selectable marker genes from the plastid genome by the CRE-lox site-specific recombination system. Plant. . 27 171-178. 

Singer, D., Lehmann, J Hanisch, K Hartig, W and Hoffmann, R. (2006) Neighbored phosphorylation sites as PHF-tau specific markers in Alzheimer s disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 346, 819-828. 

Increased albumin usually indicates glomerular injury, although it is not a specific marker for any one nephron site (Guder and Hofmann 1992 Price et al. 1996 Finn and Porter 1998). High levels of albumin in urine are invariably the result of glomerular malfunction. Low level increases in urine albumin, especially in circumstances where total urine protein excretion is not elevated ( microalbuminuria ) can result either from increased glomerular filtration or decreased tubular reabsorption, and albumin values... 

Historically, varicosities have been thought to be the site of synaptic contact of dopamine axons in the striatum. The points of actual synaptic contact are so small that they are difficult to detect in a single thin electron microscopy (EM) sections serial sections are needed and synaptic specializations may only be present in one section. Studies using the serial EM have revealed that varicosities are not preferentially involved in synaptic contacts (Pickel et al., 1982 Freund et al., 1984 Groves et al., 1994). Counts of varicosities, therefore, do not necessarily reflect the dopamine synapse numbers it is necessary to use dopamine specific labels, such as antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or transporter-specific markers, such as 5-hydroxy-dopamine (5-OHDA) together with serial EM. 

TPS is actually an antigenic site on the TPA complex that is specifically recognized by the M3 monoclonal antibody. This epitope has been proposed as a specific marker of cell proliferation, and is detectable in serum using a specific radioimmunoassay. TPS appears to correlate with prolifera-... 

Neuroendocrine-specific markers such as chromogranin and synaptophysin are variably positive in all tumors regardless of site and are therefore not useful for this purpose. 

To a minor degree degradation products of the pesticide DDT might be useful Elbe-specific marker compounds, because of the longer period of DDT application in the catchment area of the Elbe river in contrast to the Weser and Ems rivers and the high concentration of DDD and DDE found in water as well as suspended particulate matter of the Elbe river (Goetz et al., 1994, lit). The para-substituted isomer of DDE could be detected only in sediment samples mainly influenced by the Elbe river (sites A,B,C), whereas 4,4 -DDD occurred additonally at sites D, E and F, but not at site G that is influenced by the Weser river. 

---