Sirius Blue

The 1,6- and 1,7-naphthylaminesulfonic acids have long been very important as components for azo dyes, particularly as the middle component in polyazo dyes. They are used in the preparation of the important black cotton dyes of the type of Columbia black FF, and also of a whole series of developed dyes, such as the important naphthogene blue, Zambesi black V, and others. Sulfonic acids of this type are also frequently used in preparing dyes of the Sirius blue series (Bayer). 

The tint of the dye prepared by this method is decidedly purer and stronger. The separation of the diazo compound is especially important when cotton dyes are to be prepared from it, since impurities are especially detrimental in subsequent steps. For example, an extremely light fast cotton dye of the Sirius blue type is prepared by coupling the diazo compound with m-amino-p-cresol ether and subsequently coupling this product with J acid ... 

Selenadiazole 256 Selenophene 107 Senoxepin 532 Serotonin 146 Sildenafil 480 Silthiofam 567 Simazine 412 Sirius Blue 150 Solanidane type 433 Sparteine 423 Spirosolane type 433 Squalene epoxide 25 Stibabenzene 437 Strychnine 532 Sulbactam 212 Sulfadiazine 472 Sulfamethoxazole 190 Sulfapyridine 379 Sulfolane 107 3-Sulfolene 105 Swainsonine 157 Sydnones 250 Systems... 

The blue book compilations [154-158] are probably the most comprehensive sources of ionization constants collected from the literature (up to the end of 1970s). These are recommended for experts in the field. On the other hand, the red books contain critically selected values [159]. The six-volume set has been put into electronic form in cooperation with NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), and is available at a very reasonable price [160]. A two-volume set of critically determined constants is available from Sirius Analytical Instalments Ltd., and covers molecules of particular interest to the pharmaceutical community [161,162]. In Section 3.8 at the end of this chapter, a list of gold standard pKa values of mostly drug-like molecules is presented (see Table 3.1), with many of the values determined by the author since the early 1970s. 

Sirius light blue G, 107, 279 Sodium amide, 90,324 Sodium hydrosulfide, 79, 113, 114, 320... 

Aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid, the preparation of which is described above, is used as a starting material for azo dyes, especially disazo and trisazo dyes of the type of Sirius light blue (see page 279). 

Benzo Light Blue 2 CL or Sirius Light Blue G... 

The textile dye Sirius Light Blue 4 is produced by a double cyclocondensation of 3-aminocarbazole with chloranil followed by sulfonation ... 

Figure 21.6. PPARgamma gene silenced (SiRNA) fetal derived mesenchymal cells embedded within polysaccharide capsules and implanted subcutaneously for 28 days. Capsule are sectioned and stained for presence of oil droplets using Oil red-O, AP3 antibodies and alcian blue and Sirius red. Rows 2, 5, and 6 are thin sections of capsules in which embedded adipogenic progenitor cells have been silenced for expression of a transcription factor that regulates cellular differentiation and development typically found within adipose tissues, (lx 10 /mL alginate).

Figure 21.8. Primary hBMSC chondrocyte (2 1 seeding ratio) responses inside chitosan-coated alginate capsules with chemically linked GRGD peptide at 28 days. The panel of images are thin sections of capsules that have been stained with alcian blue and Sirius red to indicate presence of collagen and proteoglycan extracellular matrix. GRGD induces a tissue formation response.

Figure 14.8 Tendon-to-bone insertion treated with (a, d) PLGA nanofiber scaffolds, (b, e) hydroxyapatite-incorporated PLGA nanofiber scaffolds, and (c, f) biphasic nanofiber scaffolds, (a-c) Picro-sirius red staining, (d-f) Alcian blue staining. Disorganized scar tissue was seen after treatment with PLGA nanofiber scaffolds or hydroxyapatite-incorporated PLGA nanofiber scaffolds. The treatment with biphasic nanofiber scaffolds resulted in the tendon-bone integration via an organized bilayer fibrocartilage zone.

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