Sintering parameters

The actual values of the sintering parameters have been found to be ... 

Amount and composition of the additives are not only of decisive influence on the sintering parameters (temperature, pressure, time, atmosphere), but... 

The microstructural development is controlled mainly by the Si3N4 starting powders, the additives and the sintering parameters. 

Besides the sintering parameters (Sect. 6.1.3), dcrit is determined mainly by three parameters [290, 294, 295], First, the size distribution of a- and /1-particles due to a higher stability of large a-particles compared to small... 

TABLE 16.3 Initial Stage Sintering Parameters for the Equation AL/Lq = Cj(t"/c ")... 

Figure 13. Sintering parameter (1/K) and viscosity according to Scherer model (85) of viscous sintering for two-step acid-catalyzed xerogel. Samples were heated to indicated temperatures at 2 or 20 °C/min and held isothermally. Corresponding bulk densities are plotted on the abscissa. (Reproduced with permission from reference 79. Copyright 1984.)...

Barralet JE, Best SM, Bonfield W (2000) Effect of sintering parameters on the density and microstiucture of carbonated apatite. JMater Sci Mater in Med 11 719-724 Bellemans J (1999) Osseointegration in porous coated knee arthroplasty. The influence of component coating type in sheep. Acta Orthop Scand 288 1-35... 

Microstructures and morphology of the anode cermet before and after reduction were investigated by the S-4700 scanning electronic microscope. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to confirm the green tape sintering parameters by TAS-100 TGA. Porosities of the Ni-GDC anode were examined by Archimedes method. 

The calcite based porous ceramics will be discussed as a material for bone regeneration, The influence of chemical compositions and sintering parameters on the physical properties of sintered calcite ceramics as well as forming of porous material by polymeric sponge method will be shortly described. 

Jiingling et al. [323] report on model experiments to study the sintering kinetics of TiB2 with 20 vol.-% carbonylic Fe and 20 vol.-% carbonylic Fe -I- 7 mass-% Ti up to 1700°C in 0.1 mbar Ar. Sintering parameters were optimized for materials with 15 and 20 vol.-% Fe and 20 vol.-% Fe-Cr-Ni binder and for materials with 5-20 vol.-% Fe-Cr-Ni binder phase with Ti addition to prevent the formation of the Fe2B phase. Materials with Ti addition were pressurelessly sintered at 1650°C to a density of about 95% T.D. followed by a hot isostatic pressing step at 1460°C with a pressure of 100 bar Ar. 

Table 7.2 Sintering parameters, average grain size, relative densities. Young s modulus and Vickers hardness of Ce-TZP materials [8]...

Materials Sintering parameters Average grain size (pm) Relative density (%TD) Young s modulus (GPa) Vickers hardness... 

Any inclusions in the parent material that have a different refractive index— such as air holes and precipitate particles—are accounted for by the Sim term. In processes for making ceramic polycrystalline materials transparent, reducing this term is of particular importance. Since transparent ceramic polycrystalline materials are synthesized at high temperature in the solid state, diffusion phenomena in the material constitute the basic process for eliminating air holes from the polycrystalline material. The sintering parameters include the molding conditions, sintering temperature, time, atmosphere, pressure and additives, and must be precisely controlled. 

In order to obtain the sinters, steel and graphite powders were compacted (compaction pressure of 200 MPa), and then sintered in vacuum sintering parameters T=1250°C, t=30 min, cooling rate 0.5 °C/ min,. Steel and graphite powders were used with the following proportions (expressed in mass percentage) ... 

Elena Landi, Anna Tampieri, Giancarlo Celotti, Lucia Vichi, and Monica Sandri. Influence of synthesis and sintering parameters on the characteristics of carbonate apatite. Biomaterials 2004 23 1763-1770. 

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