Singlet oxygen applications

Oxazoles, prepared from carboxylic acids (benzoin, DCC NH4OAC, AcOH, BOSS % yield), have been used as carboxylic acid protective groups in a variety of synthetic applications. They are readily cleaved by singlet oxygen followed by hydrolysis (ROH, TsOH, benzene or K2CO3, MeOH ). 

The same Chapter examines specific mefiiodolo cal tedmiques applicable to identify atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, silver, alkyl radicals, molecules of singlet oxygen in gaseous phase. These methods can be widely applicable for practical physical and chemical studies. 

Elimination of the above-mentioned difficulties can be facilitated by the application of sensor methods of detecting singlet oxygen. 

It is an important role plaid by singlet oxygen in oxidizing organic substances that does determine the interest in the study of interaction between 02( A ) and the surface of these substances. Application of... 

Therefore, the application of sensors made it possible not only to detect and identify the molecules of singlet oxygen emitted during photosensibilization by dye molecules but to understand several peculiarities of redistribution of the energy of electron excitation and transfer to solids, as well. 

The most important application for singlet oxygen generators (SOGs), namely the anti-cancer treatment known as photodynamic therapy (PDT), is described elsewhere in this series (see Chapter 9.22). However, SOGs are also being evaluated in other areas, such as hard surface disinfectants, soaps and washing powders,73 and insecticides.74,75... 

Of all the fullerene forms, the nearly spherical properties of C o have attracted the greatest attention, especially in the field of bioconjugation. In addition to its physical properties, C o fullerenes have unique photo-optical and electro-chemical properties, which make them useful as carriers for biomedical research applications. For instance, upon exposure to light C o will generate singlet oxygen, which can be used in vivo to cleave biological molecules, particularly DNA and RNA. Studies indicate that irradiation of Cgo in solution can be used to destroy virus contamination (Kasermann and Kempf, 1997). Solutions of Buckminsterfullerene are a deep purple color, whereas other sizes of fullerenes display a variety of other colors. 

Photosensitive reactions, chromium application, 6 560-561 Photosensitization, 9 385 of singlet oxygen, 26 804 Photosensitizers, 14 300 23 374-375 diazonaphthoquinone, 15 161-163 Photostability of Al-halamines, 13 100-101 of organic semiconductors, 22 210 Photostimulated drug delivery systems, 9 61, 81... 

Wang S, Gao R, Zhou F, Selke M (2004) Nanomaterials and singlet oxygen photosensitizers potential applications in photo dynamic therapy. J Mater Chem 14 487-493... 

Photodiode detectors have already been cited in this chapter in relation to near-IR fluorescence measurements on singlet oxygen,(8 16 18) in decay-time temperature sensing,(50) in liquid chromatography,(62) the study of proteins labelled with Nile Red,(64) and diode laser spectrometry,(67) Photodiodes are also conveniently packaged for many applications in an array form enabling rapid data acquisition e.g., in spectrophotometry, (35)... 

The detection and measurement of gases has important applications in environmental monitoring (see section 3.5.9) and in the biological and medicinal helds, where much work is being carried out on both singlet oxygen and nitric oxide. 

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