Single-transition INADEQUATE

This pulse sequence aims to transfer the y-DQ coherence into a transition-selective signal. This is achieved by converting one part of the y-DQ coherence into SQ AP coherence by a 45° pulse, which is later refocused generating the in-phase (IP) magnetisation. The other part of the DQ coherence, which does not evolve during the second spin echo, is converted into an AP magnetisation. When combined with the IP part, a transition selective signal is obtained. 

ID INADEQUATE LBR pulse sequence generates a theoretical sensitivity enhancement of 41% compared to a regular ID INADEQUATE. The same gain is also provided by ID INADEQUATE CR.5 As the latter pulse sequence contains more delays, ID INADEQUATE LBR is more robust when it comes to the mismatch between the set and actual / values. An experimental comparison, based on 11 sucrose signals, of all three ID INADEQUATE pulse sequences 

It should be noted that single-transition INADEQUATE spectra are generally not suitable for the determination of coupling constants. This is because the readout of the couplings in F2 is affected by the isotope shifts. The combined use of F2 and F1 dimensions, which yields, in principle, the values of coupling constants, is problematic due to limited digital resolution in F A possible solution is to acquire two spectra with the selection of one transition at the time. This should still be a factor of V2 more sensitive compared to regular INADEQUATE on an equal time basis.5 

The applications of single-transition INADEQUATE experiments such as INADEQUATE CR remain rare today.19 This is likely caused by the necessity of using composite pulses, the implementation of which is not straightforward for 

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The increase in the x-ray emission rates is significant for C A x rays. In this case, the single-center approximation is inadequate to predict the C A -x-ray emission process in CO. On the other hand, the interatomic transitions play less important role for O A -x-ray emission. 

Catalysts which contain reduced transition metal clusters besides acid sites are able to catalyze reactions that are not observed on catalysts exposing one type of site only. The reaction network is inadequately described by models which assume only additivity of catalytic functions and shuttling of intermediates between sites. There is strong evidence that metal clusters and Bronsted sites form metal-proton adducts. These act as "collapsed bifunctional sites" all alkane isomerization steps can take place on such sites during one single residence of the adsorbed molecule. At low temperature, adsorption in a mode reminiscent of a carbenium ion can suppress pure metal catalysis. 

Approximately twenty different lipid systems have been examined by the method of TRXRD. The list includes single lipid species as well as binary lipid, lipid-small molecule and lipid-protein mixtures and isolated membranes and membrane lipid extracts (Table 1). A total of thirty, nominally distinct phase transition types are described in the table. The actual number of disparate phase transitions is expected to be less than this because of redundancies arising from an inadequate nomenclature and/or incomplete phase characterization. 

The simple extruder design analyzed here would not be implemented in practice because of obvious mechanical problems, but, as we shall see subsequently, it is sufficiently close to the description of a true single-screw extruder that the calculations done here are all relevant. There are three weaknesses in the analysis. First, we have considered only a Newtonian fluid, while most real polymers have highly shear-dependent viscosities. Second, our heat transfer analysis is inadequate, both because we have considered temperature- and pressure-independent physical properties and because we have been able to obtain explicit solutions only for certain limiting cases. Finally, we have not dealt with the flow in the neighborhood of the transition from the extruder channel to the die. All of these restrictions can be relaxed, as we shall see, but to do so for the latter two generally requires the use of numerical algorithms to solve the full equation set. We shall address this topic in Chapter 8. 

Hepatic veins, which are not opacified due to inadequate timing of CT scan or due to delayed contrast transit in outflow obstruction, can be misinterpreted as true lesions on single images. 

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