Single-stranded nucleic acids

The fundamental a-hehcal peptide nucleic acid (aPNA) concept is illustrated in Fig. 5.2. Our prototype aPNA module incorporated five nucleobases for Watson-Crick base pairing with a single-stranded nucleic acid target. These nucleobases... 

Schiestl, R.H. and Gietz, R.D. (1989) High efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells using single stranded nucleic acids as a carrier. Current Genetics, 16 (5-6), 339-346. 

Hybridization the process of a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule binding with a complementary single strand of nucleic acid to form a stable double-stranded molecule. Hybridization is temperature dependent, so DNA s that hybridize strongly at low temperature can be temporarily separated (denatured) by heating. 

Didenko, V.V. (1993) Biotinylation of DNA on membrane supports A procedure for preparation and easy control of labeling of nonradioactive single-stranded nucleic acid probes. Anal. Biochem. 213, 75-78. 

R3H Putative single-stranded nucleic acids-binding domain E(MFP)B 2(2) 3(3) ... 

Fig. 1. Structure of the OB-fold domain. The anticodon-binding domain of the E. coli lysyl-tRNA synthetase (pdb code lkrs) is shown as a prototype of single-stranded nucleic acid-binding OB-folds. The model was drawn using the Molscript v2.1 program...

Figure 12.16 Photographs of solutions of (a) polymer 12, (b) 12 + single-stranded DNA, and (c) 12 + double-stranded DNA. (d) Schematic description of the formation of pol)dhio-phene/single-stranded nucleic acid duplex and polythiophene/hybridized nucleic acid triplex forms. Reprinted from Ho et al. (2002). Copyright 2002 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA.

Single-stranded nucleic acids are easily and with high efficiency transferred to membranes for hybridization experiments. 

Fig. 30. Detection of mRNA on a membrane or in situ with labeled gene probes. A Detection of mRNA with a fluorescein-labeled single stranded nucleic acid probe, using POD-conjugated anti-fluorescein antibody. B Use of two gene probes labeled with different molecules (fluorescein and digoxigenin) and detected with specific antibodies, both coupled to AP and using two substrates, leading to differently colored products. This in situ hybridization scheme allows the simultaneous detection of two mRNA species in a tissue or cell preparation. C Amplification systems involving more than one antibody can be used to increase specificity and signal intensity.

DNA-functionalized Au NPs have been prepared using nucleic acids bearing n-alkylthiol groups [154]. Another study showed that thiolated single-stranded nucleic acids of different lengths (8 to 135 bases) can be attached to 10 nm size Au NPs at different Au nucleic acid ratios [155]. 

Seeman, N.C. (1992) The design of single-stranded nucleic acid knots. Mol. Eng. 2, 297-307. 

This acridine orange technique has been taken one step further by Darzynkiewicz s group. Because acridine orange fluoresces red when bound to single-stranded nucleic acid, but green with double-stranded nucleic acid, acridine orange can be used under mildly denaturing... 

Double-stranded DNA denatures into single strands as the temperature rises but renatures into a double-stranded structure as the temperature falls. Any two single-stranded nucleic acid molecules can form double-stranded structures (hybridize) provided that they have sufficient complementary nucleotide sequence to make the resulting hybrid stable under the reaction conditions. 

Citovsky, V., Knorr, D., Schuster, G., and Zambryski, P. "The P30 movement protein of tobacco mosaic virus is a single-strand nucleic acid binding protein". Cell 60, 637-647 (1990). 

Double-stranded right-handed B-DNA has a highly repetitive, negatively charged polyphosphate surface, single-stranded nucleic acids that do not fold up to compact structures are much more flexible than the double-stranded nucleic acids and the predominantly hydrophobic bases are much more exposed. A common feature of all the A-, B- and Z-DNA conformations is that the two chains are antiparallel. 

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