Single organ, chemicals

Each of the following reactions has been descnbed in the chemical literature and gives a single organic product in good yield Identify the product of each reaction... 

The chemistry of the carbonyl group is probably the single most important aspect of organic chemical reactivity Classes of compounds that contain the carbonyl group include many derived from carboxylic acids (acyl chlorides acid anhydrides esters and amides) as well as the two related classes discussed m this chapter aldehydes and ketones... 

The horizontal continuous Brodie melt crystallizer is basically an indirectly cooled crystallizer with an internal ribbon conveyor to transport crystals countercurrent to the liquid and a vertical purifier for final refining. Figure 20-8 describes the operation of a single tube unit and Fig. 20-13 depicts a multitube unit. The multitube design has been successfully commercialized for a number of organic chemicals. The Brodie purifier configuration requires careful control of process and equipment temperature differences to eliminate internal encrustations and is limited by the inherent equipment geometry to capacities of less than 15,000 tons per year per module. 

Guideline for Single-laboratory Vahdation of Analytical Methods for Trace-level Concentrations of Organic Chemicals, in Principles and Practices of Method Vahdation, ed. A. Flajgelj and A. Ambrus, MPG Books, Bodmin, pp. 179-252 (2000). 

AOAC/FAO/IAEA/IUPAC Expert Consultation, Guidelines for Single Laboratory Validation of Analytical Methods for Trace-level Concentrations of Organic Chemicals, Workshop, 8-11 November 1999, Miskolc, Hungary (1999). Also available on the Word Wide Web http //www.iaea.oi trc/(see pesticides —> method validation). 

Winters and Lee134 describe a physically based model for adsorption kinetics for hydrophobic organic chemicals to and from suspended sediment and soil particles. The model requires determination of a single effective dififusivity parameter, which is predictable from compound solution diffusivity, the octanol-water partition coefficient, and the adsorbent organic content, density, and porosity. 

Metal dithiophosphinates focused recent interest due to their potential use as single source precursors for low-pressure, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD) of metal sulfides. Thus, zinc and cadmium dithiophosphinates and their phenanthroline and bipyridine adducts were characterized and used for deposition of ZnS and CdS.85,86... 

While there has always been some interest in the nature of the organic compounds in seawater, identification of actual compounds has progressed slowly because of the low concentrations present. With a total organic carbon concentration of 0.5 -1.5 mg/1 of carbon, the total concentration of any single organic compound is likely to be less than 10 7 M. Therefore, in the past, identification of individual compounds has been limited to those few for which specific, sensitive chemical methods existed. These methods were usually spectropho-tometric, and were often developments of methods originally used in clinical chemistry. 

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