Single-line profile analysis

Calculation of mean crystallite size, lattice strain and frequency distributions of crystallite sizes from the same XRD line-profiles used for crystallinity determinations. In addition to the application of the Scherrer equation, two single-line methods were used the variance method of Wilson (1963) (Akai and To th 1983 Nieto and Smchez-Navas 1994), and the Voigt method of Langford (1978) in combination with single-line Fourier analysis (Akai et al. 1996, 1997, 2000 Warr 1996 Jiang et al. 1997 Li et al. 

Grinding and polishing can also change the surface stress patterns, distortions which could later lead to crack formation and fracture. X-ray diffraction line profile analysis appears to be the best method for determining residual stresses, a method which can be applied to polycrystalline materials as well as single crystals. 

X-ray powder diffraction data for all samples were collected via a Phillips x-ray diffractometer with a copper target tube and a diffracted beam monochromater. Ruthenium and RuC>2 particle sizes were estimated by x-ray line shape profile analysis using a single profile technique which provides diffracting particle size, microstrain, and the particle size distribution (10). 

Electric field spectroscopy with a tunable laser uses the Stark effect to provide selective modulation of specific branches, but does not permit the direct measurement of dipole moments. There are a number of molecules in which a tunable laser has been used to scan Stark-split line profiles of lines of known assignment. One such example is illustrated in figure 7 this shows the five M components of the P3 (3) line in the electronic 0-0 band of the HCF radical near 17238.4 cm , recorded using a single-mode dye laser and an electric field of 19.25 kV cm in parallel polarisation. The analysis of many Stark-split spectra using eqns 2-4 leads to the following values for the a-axis component of the dipole moment in the two states ... 

Fig. 8. Drug-induced proteome changes predict for therapeutic resistance. (A) Mice bearing established >300 mm Fo5 (Flerceptin-resistant) and 1282 (Flerceptin-sensitive) tumors were treated with Flerceptin 30 mg/kg i.p. twice a week. Each data point represents mean tumor volume SD (Fo5, = 3 1282, n = 6). (B) Fo5 and 1282 tumors of equivalent size were harvested 24 and 48 h after a single dose of Herceptin i.p. and subjected to mass spectral proteomic profiling analysis. An example of a statistically significant change observed after Herceptin treatment in the 1282 tumors not observed in the Fo5 tumors is shown. The solid line trace (—) represents control, untreated tumors while the dotted line trace ( ) represents Herceptin-treated tumors. (Reprinted with permission from the American Association for Cancer Research from Cancer Research 64 9093-9100, 2004.)...

Results and Discussion. One of the primary considerations of this study is to show that single-line, single-injection FIA can be used to create non-chromatographic, yet time-resolved profiles for multicomponent analysis. 

Figure 25.3 The reaction zone configuration used in the present analysis. On the left side solid lines for T, T02, and YcH.4 represent the outer solution, and the dashed lines show profiles resulting from finite reaction rates in the oxygen-consumption layer. The right side corresponds to an expanded view of the regions around in the left sketch, represented by a single fine there, showing the structure of the radical-equilibrium and fuel-consumption layers A — location of fuel and radical layers, B — oxidation layer, C — radical-equilibration layer, and D — fuel-consumption layer...

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