Single formyl-transfer reaction

Mass transfer can also affect the selectivity of a single, multistep reaction by altering the reactant ratios. An example is homogeneous liquid-phase hydro-formylation with phosphine-substituted cobalt hydrocarbonyl catalysts. Alcohol and paraffin byproduct are formed from olefin, H2, and CO. Mass transfer of CO is slower than that of H2, so that the H2 CO ratio in the liquid phase shifts in favor of H2. This causes more paraffin to be formed (see Example 7.5 in Section 7.3.2). 

Tetrahydrofolate (THF) is the coenzyme used by enzymes that catalyze reactions that transfer a group containing a single carbon to their substrates. The one-carbon group can be a methyl group (CH3), a methylene group (CH2), or a formyl group (HC=0). Tetrahydrofolate is produced by the reduction of two double bonds of folic acid (folate), its precursor vitamin. Bacteria can synthesize folate, but mammals cannot. 

Tetrahydrofolate (THF) is the coenzyme used by enzymes catalyzing reactions that transfer a group containing a single carbon—methyl, methylene, or formyl—to their substrates. 

FUNCTIONS. Following absorption, folic acid is changed, by a number of reduction reactions that require niacin, to at least five active coenzyme forms, the parent form being tetrahydrofolic acid. The principal function of these coenzymes is the transfer of single carbon units from one compound to another the one carbon unit can be formyl, forminino, methylene, or methyl groups. 

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