Single-domain system

If a project consists of multi-characteristics such as large structural systems, i.e., tall buildings, offshore structures, or complex projects such as a large construction operation or hazardous waste control facility, a single-domain system may not be used effectively. Therefore, a new multi-domain system (MDS) has been developed (8) as shown in Figure 8. 

For an estimate of the ultimate shear strength, r0, of a single domain based on the lattice parameters we use a simple shear plane system proposed by Frenkel [19]. As shown in Fig. 19 it consists of a linear array of periodic force centres resembling the polymer chain. According to this model the relation between the relative displacement x along the shear direction and the shear stress is given by... 

With subtihsin nature has provided us with a model system for protein engineering studies (Wells and Estell, 1988). Being a small single domain serine protease... 

We assume the system under consideration to be a single domain. Then the orientational state of the system can be specified by the order parameter tensor S defined by Eq. (63), The time evolution of S is governed by the kinetic equation, Eq. (64), along with Eqs. (62) and (65). This kinetic equation tells us that the orientational state in the rodlike polymer system in an external flow field is determined by the term F related to the mean-field potential Vscf and by the term G arising from the external flow field. These two terms control the orientation state in a complex manner as explained below. 

The separation of domains to obtain interacting systems with multiple components. This approach directs efforts to enzymatic combinatorial approaches and permits selective improvements on single domains [85], The thioesterase domain of surfactin synthetase has been separately expressed in a thioesterase-deleted surfactin synthetase system and shown to be functional [105], Thus, specific protein-protein inter-... 

In a more formal way, a single-domain particle is a rotationally bistable system with the potentials... 

The original magnetic properties of hard nanostructures, described in the above sections, are direct consequences of the crystallite particle size reduction, when this size approaches the domain wall thickness, S. In this section, we apply and extend the findings of Chapters 3 and 4 to hard-magnetic nanostructures. We discuss (i) systems of exchange decoupled particles, and (ii) systems of exchange-coupled particles, themselves divided into single-phase systems and nanocomposites. 

Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable dispersions of oil and water stabilized by a surfactant and, in many cases, also a cosurfactant.1-4 The microemulsions can be of the droplet type, either with spherical oil droplets dispersed in a continuous medium of water (oil-in-water microemulsions, O/W) or with spherical water droplets dispersed in a continuous medium of oil (water-in-oil microemulsions, W/O). The droplet-type microemulsions can be either a single-phase system or part of a two-phase system wherein the microemulsion phase coexists with an excess dispersed phase (an upper phase of excess oil in the case of O/W and a lower phase of excess water in the case of W/O microemulsions). There are also nondroplet-type microemulsions, referred to as middle-phase microemulsions. In this case, the microemulsion phase is part of a three-phase system with the microemulsion phase in the middle coexisting with an upper phase of excess oil and a lower phase of excess water. One possible structure of this middle-phase microemulsion, characterized by randomly distributed oil and water microdomains and bicontinuity in both oil and water domains, is known as thebiccntinuous microemulsion. Numerous experimental studies have shown1 2 4 that one can achieve a transition... 

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