Single domain particles morphology

It becomes apparent that under pol)merization conditions a single type of equilibrium morphology may not always be likely. The competition between phase separation and the second-stage pol)merization kinetics can generate nonequilibrium morphologies due to the diffrisional resistance provided by the high local viscosity. In such cases, particles with occlusions or multiple surface domains (lumps) may coexist. 

In the group of the single-phase amorphous polymers, PVC is an exception with a pronounced morphology with domains (about 100 nm) and so-called primary particles (about 1 pm) that are clearly visible in the electron microscope [11], The interfaces between these structural details are preferential sites for chemical staining, highlighting the morphology of PVC (see Fig. 1.40). 

Ionic liquids (substituted imidazolium salts) were utilized in the electrochemical synthesis of PEEKTT films with specific structural or morphological features randomly oriented nanofibers and particles in submicrometersized domains with EMI-bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, the structure of a solid polymer actuator with PEDOT layer on the surface of a solid nitrile rubber-BMI/BH-mixture, single strand nanowires with BMI-hexafluorophosphate, and codeposited polypyrrole/PEEXDT in BMI-BTI. ... 

---