Single cell hardware

SINGLE CELL DESIGN AND ASSEMBLY 2.6.1. Single Cell Hardware... 

In this chapter, three applications of this model are demonstrated. The comparison of different reforming concepts reveals the advantages of direct internal reforming (DIR) in the anode channel of the fuel cell. Moreover, with the help of the proposed model, the benefit of fuel cell cascades can be demonstrated and they can be compared to single cells. Results indicate that a considerable power increase can be expected, but the additional hardware required might offset any benefit in the case of smaller systems. The third application demonstrates that anode gas recycle can be simulated with this model, but it also reveals its limitations, as temperature effects are not considered. 

Model, design and fabricate hardware components to optimize performance of single cells and short stacks. 

Tested novel hardware designs in single cells and prototype stacks with very good results. 

The Smart Battery consists of a collection of cells or single-cell batteries and is equipped with specialized hardware that provides present state, calculated and predicted information to its SMBus Host. These may monitor particular environmental parameters in order to calculate the required data values. The electronics need not be inside the Smart Battery if the battery is not removable from the device. 

Figure 10.21 shows the structure of the hardware of a single cell. Research by Zhang s group [77,78] revealed that when the cell was operated at a temperature <200 °C, the composite graphite material SGL BBP4 could be used for flow-field fabrication, and silicone rubber (Fuel Cell Store 590,363) could be used as the sealing material. But when the cell temperature was 200-300 °C, stainless steel 430 was more suitable as the flow-field material, while silicone rubber only... 

An EFC stack composed of five modular research hardware single-cell EFCs is shown in Figure 16.3 (top left). The anode and cathode contactors of each ceU are visible on the top and the individual cells are electrically insulated the intercell electric connection is provided with external U-shape leads. This allows for series or parallel connection of the cells in the stack as well as ease of monitoring of the individual cell voltage. 

As described previously, certain applications and configurations require a DC/DC converter or a DC/altemating current (AC) inverter to combine EFCs with application hardware. Such a requirement covers single-cell EFC systems and EFC stacks with parallel-connected cells. In those cases, the DC/DC converter must boost the EFC... 

This is probably the most widely used MS-MS instrument. The hardware, as the name snggests, consists of three sets of quadrupole rods in series (Figure 3.8). The second set of rods is not used as a mass separation device but as a collision cell, where fragmentation of ions transmitted by the first set of quadrupole rods is carried out, and as a device for focussing any product ions into the third set of quadrupole rods. Both sets of rods may be controlled to allow the transmission of ions of a single mjz ratio or a range of mjz values to give the desired analytical information. 

The autosampler system is controlled by an IBM computer system, as is the series of pumps for the cell and the sample wash pot. An Archer single board computer (Sherwood Data System) programmed via ASCII strings along an RS232 interface, controls the pumps and the autosampler, setting up a stable representative sample which is then measured by using the standard Solomat software and hardware. 

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