Single-batch High-pressure Reactors

The simplest type of batch high-pressure reactor is essentially a hollow cylinder with one or two end caps, often referred to as a pressure bomb. Such vessels can be purchased from a variety of manufacturers, including Parr, Autoclave Engineers, and Pressure Products Industries, to name just a few. These reactors typically are equipped with a stirring system, such as described in an earlier section, a heating jacket, and ports for introduction of a thermocouple, as well as addition or removal of samples. Sizes range typically from 50 mL up to several liters, and pressure and temperature ratings vary from one manufacturer to another. 

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Figure 2.1-9 Scheme of a single batch high pressure view reactor. 

Hydrothermal Synthesis Systems. Of the unit operations depicted in Figure 1, the pressurized sections from reactor inlet to pressure letdown ate key to hydrothermal process design. In consideration of scale-up of a hydrothermal process for high performance materials, several criteria must be considered. First, the mode of operation, which can be either continuous, semicontinuous, or batch, must be determined. Factors to consider ate the operating conditions, the manufacturing demand, the composition of the product mix (single or multiple products), the amount of waste that can be tolerated, and the materials of constmction requirements. Criteria for the selection of hydrothermal reactor design maybe summarized as... 

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