Simulations reactor scale

Kinetic models developed for reactor scale-up are also suitable for reactor optimization. The development of detailed kinetic models accounting for all factors influencing process rates is a time-consuming task. Therefore, more empirical simplified models are often used for simulation and optimization of existing reactors. 

To measure all the parameters pertinent to simulating reactor conditions, Ny-lund and co-workers (1968, 1969) presented data from tests carried out on a simulated full-scale, 36-rod bundle in the 8-MW loop FRIGG at ASEA, Vasteras, Sweden (Malnes and Boen, 1970). Their experimental results indicate that the two-phase friction multiplier in flow through bundles can be correlated by using Becker s correlation (Becker et al., 1962),... 

Collins, D. B., and M. Gacesa, 1969, Hydrodynamic Instability in a Full-Scale Simulated Reactor Channel, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 184. (6)... 

The RC1 is an automated laboratory batch/semi-batch reactor for calorimetric studies which has proven precision. The calorimetric principle used and the physical design of the system are sound. The application of the RC1 extends from process safety assessments including calorimetric measurements, to chemical research, to process development, and to optimization. The ability of the RC1 to generate accurate and reproducible data under simulated plant scale operating conditions may result in considerably reduced testing time and fewer small scale pilot plant runs. 

Models may be used for analyzing data, estimating performance, reactor scale-up, simulating start-up and shutdown behavior, and control. The level of detail in a model depends on the need, and this is often a balance between value and cost. Very elaborate models are justifiable and have been developed for certain widely practiced and large-scale processes, or for processes where operating conditions are especially critical. 

This chapter reviews the basic principles involved in modeling the rates of photocatalytic reactions. These matters require clarification in order to proceed with the successful design, simulation and scale-up of photo catalytic reactor units. 

The model can be used to simulate reactors as big as industrial scale reactors. For example, the membrane area required for a given eonversion or a given hydrogen production can be evaluated. 

Concerning the R D for the CEFR, besides the facilities already prepared, for danonstradmi of thermohydraulic characterisdes of natural convection, a water simulation reactor pool fidliiy in about one third scale is planned, in order to prepare the reactin pl cs expoiments for its start-up, the zero power fast neutron facility with 50kg U-235 has been restored, for endurence testing of core subassemblies and getting some sodium loop operation experiences, Italian ESPRESSO and CEDI are unda reconstraction in our lab. 

PANDA is a 1 25 scale, fiill height facility which simulates reactor vessel, wetwell, drywell, GDCS pool, IC and PCCS pool and heat exchangers. In addition, single tube condensation test programs were conducted at UC, Berkeley. 

This present paper presents the kinetic-mathematical model developed to describe the overall decomposition rate and yields of the naphtha feedstock cracking process. The novelty and practical advantage of the method developed lies in the fact that the kinetic constants and yield curves were determined from experiments carried out in pilot-plant scale tubular reactors operated under non-isothermal, non-isobaric conditions and the reactor results could readily be applied to simulate commercial scale cracking processes as well. During the cracking experiments, samples were withdrawn from several sample points located along the reactor. Temperature, as well as pressure were also monitored at these points[2,3]. 

Other model considerations are necessary for simulating bench-scale, laboratory reactors and micro-scale reactors with integrated catalyst and reactor. Flow regimes are at different gas velocities and catalyst particle sizes are smaller than in an industrial reactor or the catalyst is integrated... 

Major methods used to account for mixing in reactors. Illustrations on statistically stationary field of a velocity component. DNS Direct Numerical Simulation PDF Probability Density Function I Internal distribution function RTD Residence Time Distribution <> macro-scale averaged reactor-scale averaged. 

Evaluation of the applicability of fluidized-bed-reactor modeling for the OCM reaction as a means of reactor simulation and scale-up. (It should be emphasized that the study of items (1) and (2) was not aimed at investigating the best possible catalyst from the point of view of maximizing selectivity or yield but to illustrate the general pattern of relationships and the methodology of modeling). 

Comments on the Use of Simulation for Scale-up and Reactor Performance Studies... 

Randick, J. J. (2000). Simulation of scale-up effects on stirred chemical reactors, M.S. thesis. University of Missouri-Rolla. 

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