Simulated Distillation Curve

Simulated distillation curves produced for two LNAPL samples are shown in Figure 4.10. The two samples depicted were retrieved at a depth of about 10 ft below the... 

The separation scheme for deasphaltened bitumen on silica [WOELM, activated at 140°C (4 hr)] is shown in Figure 1. The fractions obtained were loosely termed hydrocarbons. Polar I, II, and III. The IR spectra of these fractions, as shown in Figure 2, suggested that Polar I was very similar to the polyaromatic/neutral polar fraction from the API 60-based separation after removal of additional material from alumina with pure benzene. Also, simulated distillation curves for this fraction from either procedure are very similar (Figure 3). The IR spectra of the Polar II and III fractions show the presence of all the functional groups which can be distinguished in these complex mixtures and which... 

Fig. 3-20 Simulated Distillation Curve of a Test Mixture of Equal Parts of n-Undecane, n-Pentacosane, and n-Hexatriacontane (TG750)...

Figures 4-18 to 4-25 show the simulated distillation curves of the samples. Fractions of the sample boiling below 400 °C may be separated by means of atmospheric distillation whereas the parts boiling between 400 °C and about 550 °C could be removed only by means of a vacuum distillation.

The physical and an tical data, i. e. melting point, MP, boiling point, BP, average relative particle weight, M, element analysis, and atomic ratio H/C are presented in Table 4-195. The simulated distillation curves (by TGA) are shown in Fig. 4-159. The asphaltenes do not contain any volatile components but do undergo a cracking reaction above 400 °C. The distillation (sublimation) curve of n-hexylpyrene is nearly 100°C-150 C below the corressponding curves of the other substances. 

For each reaction, a kinetic expression (r was formulated as a function of the product composition (y, kinetic constant, and effectiveness factor. Product compositions were determined from bench-scale mass balances and simulated distillation curves. The hydrocracking of vacuum residue was considered to follow second-order reaction, while the remaining reactions were assumed to be first-order as reported in the literature (Sanchez and Ancheyta, 2007). On the basis of these considerations, the reaction rates of the proposed model are as follows ... 

For the units for which a calculation is made to simulate operations, or for which a calculation is made for sizing purposes, the compositions are known it is necessary then to calculate the distillation curves starting from the characteristics of the components. 

Figure 2.8—Simulated distillation of lubricating oil (Polvwax). Using a column that can operate at high temperatures, a correlation is made between retention times and boiling temperatures for a series of oligomers. The sample to be distilled is then run under the same chromatographic conditions. Software using the chromatogram reproduces a distribution curve identical to that which would be obtained from the mixture if it were distilled, a much longer process (document SGE 712-0546 and -0547).

Simulated Distillation Results. Important insight concerning the molecular-size distribution of asphaltenes vs. maltenes is gained by the simulated distillation data. The boiling point distribution curves are shown in Figure 3. These curves were drawn as follows. Quantitative simulated distillation data was obtained on the virgin bitumen and the maltenes. Direct information is obtained up to a nominal boiling point of 535°C shown by the vertical dashed line. The area under the curve for the nonvolatile portion is... 

Figure 3. Simulated distillation boiling point curves for virgin bitumen, mal-tenes, and asphaltenes...

Fig. 4 Calibration curve for simulated distillation of JP-8, JP-TS, and JP-7. View this art in color at www.dekker.com.)...

Fig. 4-1 Distillation Curves of Crude Oil (Landau Field, Germany) Curve 1 Simulated Distillation by TG750 Curve 2 Boiling Curve DIN 51 751...

Curve 1 Crude from Jobo Field (8.5°API), Simulated Distillation by TG 750 Curve 2 Crude from Jobo Field (8.5°API), Simulated Distillation by Gas Chromatography... 

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