Similarity logical operations

A similar logic can be applied to copolymers. The story is a bit more complicated to tell, so we only outline the method. If penultimate effects operate, then the probabilities Ph, Pi2> and so on, defined by Eqs. (7.32)-(7.35) should be replaced by conditional probabilities. As a matter of fact, the kind of conditional probabilities needed must be based on the two preceding events. Thus reactions (7.E) and (7.F) are two of the appropriate reactions, and the corresponding probabilities are Pj n and V i2 - Rather than work out all of the possibilities in detail, we summarize the penultimate model as follows ... 

Although such a fragment-based measure clearly provides a very simple picture of the similarity relationships between pairs of structures, it is both efficient (because it involves just the application of logical operations to pairs of bit-strings) and effective (in that it is able to bring together molecules that are judged by chemists to be structurally similar to each other) in operation. 

Even if fhe proving reporfs were consistent, there is neither a logical reason why substances that could produce symptoms should cure such symptoms nor evidence from appropriately designed sfudies fhaf the "law of similars" acfually operates. The real way to test whether something works is to test whether it helps sick people. This requires clinical trials in which people who receive the test substance are compared with people who do not. No homeopathic product has ever been proven effective and a vast majority of producfs have never even been clinically tested. 

This produces a pharmacophore key or signature that provides a powerful measure for absolute diversity or similarity, calculable for both a ligand and a protein site, that has a consistent frame of reference for comparing any number of molecules and for comparing molecules to protein sites. Pharmacophore keys can be compared using logical operations (OR, AND, NOT) within Chem-X, and can be outputted in an ASCII or binary format, and analysed by other programs. 

Similar logic holds for the IP-EA case. Here the operator basis set m=l,2,..., with X , > and A > exact w-l and m electron states, respectively, within some orbital basis, is a complete set of basis operators in the customary sense of the term. However, only <0 and 0>direct substitution of the basis operators A, ><0, 0>basis operators, reducing the number of electrons by one, is employed in the solution of the EOM equations, (21), it has a dimensionality equal to the number of IPs... 

Now we have scheduled and indicated complete Ust of possible inputs into the decision-making process. We have to mark possible outputs of resulting algorithm. Outputs will be similar marked for every logical operation (LOGl, LOG2 and LOG3). List of outputs looks as follows ... 

The MINLP model is similar to that of Papalexandri et al (1994). The practical issues regarding the handling of logical operators in the MINLP model are discussed in Zsitkai et al. (2001 and 2002). 

In classical computation, any logical operation can be done from combinations of the logic gate nand (NOT-AND). The similar is true in quantum computing any quantum operation can be implemented using a set of universal logic gates. Such a set is composed of the Hadamard (H), controlled NOT (CNOT), phase (S) and jr/8 (T). 

Expert systems represent, reason with, and explain expert knowledge. Their outstanding abilitiesaredueto their built-in inference-machines (automatic theorem-provers) which are able to perform logical operations similar to those used in human reasoning. The most typical one is the modus ponens, e.g. 

FTA begins by identifying an undesirable event, called top event, associated with a system under consideration. Fault events that can cause the top event occurrence are generated and connected by logic operators such as OR and AND. The operator/gate OR provides a true output (i.e., fault) when one or more inputs (i.e., input faults) are true. Similarly, the operator/gate AND provides a true output (i.e., fault) when all the inputs (i.e., input faults) are true. 

A similar logic is applied in Figure 11, but directed to the generic operations of refurbishment. The first column gives levels of risk... 

---