Silyl dienolates

Small groups on silicon favor the formation of the corresponding silyl dienol ether, formed by a Brook rearrangement of 81, and this reaction pathway is minimized by employment of P(OPh)3. 

TITANIUM-MEDIATED ADDITION OF SILYL DIENOL ETHERS TO ELECTROPHILIC GLYCINE A SHORT SYNTHESIS OF 4-KETOPIPECOLIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE (Pipecolic acid, 4-oxo-, hydrochloride)... 

Several other chiral Lewis acids have also been reported to effect asymmetric aldol reactions. Kruger and Carreira59 reported a catalytic aldol addition of silyl dienolate to a range of aldehydes in the presence of a bisphosphanyl-Cu(II) fluoride complex generated in situ from (iS )-Tol-BINAP, Cu(OTf)2, and (Bu4N)Ph3SiF2. Aromatic, heteroaromatic, and a,/ -unsaturated aldehydes provided the aldol adducts with up to 95% ee and 98% yield (Scheme 3-33). 

The Schneider group independently reported an asymmetric vinylogous Mannich reaction (Scheme 27) [47]. Addition of silyl dienolates 73 to A-PMP-protected imines 74 was promoted by phosphoric acid (R)-3g (5 mol%, R = Mes) with mesityl substituents to afford tra i -a,p-nnsatnrated 8-amino esters 75 in high yields (66-94%) together with good enantioselectivities (80-92% ee). 

Scheme 27 Vinylogous Mannich reaction of silyl dienolates 2.3.5 Aza-Ene-Type Reaction...

Bismuth-Catalyzed Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction of Dioxinone-Derived Silyl Dienol... 

Hydroperoxylation of silyl dienol ethers was effected by the in t7/ -generated reagent triphenyl phosphite ozonide (Equation 26). The yields are moderate and the products are always accompanied by the hydroxylated equivalents. The mechanism was studied and it was found that the oxygen attached to the carbon came from the central O of the ozonide <2001JOC3548>. 

The regioselectivity of alkylations of silyl dienol ethers has been studied87,88. These reactions favor y-alkylation products. In contrast, alkylations of the corresponding lithium enolates mainly occur in the a-position. Substituents on the silyl diene unit, as well as the substituents at the silicon, strongly influence the regioselectivity of the reaction87 91,... 

It is important to note that, under the same conditions, isophorone or other /3-alkyl cyclic enones predominantly afford the exocyclic conjugated silyl dienol ether (Scheme 3). 

On the contrary, the endocyclic conjugated silyl dienol ether is almost exclusively formed under the Kharasch conditions (Scheme 4). 

The endocyclic silyl dienol ether is also obtained as the major product when the conjugated cyclic enone is successively treated with the Fe complex prepared according to Scheme 2, then with one equivalent of methylmagnesium bromide (Table 2). This is interesting since these products are difficult to obtain otherwise. The mechanism of this unusual reaction remains obscure. 

Recently, Filrstner and coworkers have prepared a super-ate complex of iron(II) as shown in Scheme 5. The structure was fully characterized by X-ray crystallography. They have shown that methylmagnesium bromide reacts with pulegone in the presence of this complex to give the corresponding endocyclic silyl dienol ether. Consequently, they have proposed that a similar ate-complex is probably involved when the reaction is performed under the Kharasch conditions. 

Significant efforts have extended the scope of catalytic enantioselective Mukaiyama aldol addition reactions beyond the acetate and propionate enoxysilanes and have been used traditionally. Recent reports describe novel addition reactions of silyl dienolates along with isobutyrate-derived enol silanes. 

Dicarbonyl compounds,2 The alkylation of O-silyl dienolates is y-regioselec-tive and thus provide a useful route to protected 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds. Examples ... 

The electron-rich aryl ring assists the Lewis acid-induced formation of the reactive intermediate oxocarbenium ion. Ring closure occurs via Mukaiyama-type trapping of the oxocarbenium ion by the silyl dienol ether. 

Regio-, enantio-, and diastereo-selective vinylogous aldol additions of silyl dienol ethers to aldehydes use a Lewis base (a chiral bis-BINAP-phosphoramide) to activate a Lewis acid (silicon tetrachloride).139... 

A variety of Brpnsted acid sources - benzoic acid, silica gel, 3 A molecular sieves - catalyse vinylogous aldol reactions of O-silyl dienolates, under solvent-free conditions.140... 

Catalytic, enantioselective addition of silyl ketene acetals to aldehydes has been carried out using a variant of bifunctional catalysis Lewis base activation of Lewis acids.145 The weakly acidic SiCU has been activated with a strongly basic phor-phoramide (the latter chiral), to form a chiral Lewis acid in situ. It has also been extended to vinylogous aldol reactions of silyl dienol ethers derived from esters. 

Silyl dienol ethers.2 The isomerization of 1,3-dienes by (naphthalene)chro-mium(CO)3 (14, 25) has been extended to (silyloxy)methylbutadienes. Thus (1Z)-1-(silyloxymethyl)-butadienes such as 1 are isomerized exclusively to silyl dienol... 

The precursors (1) to the silyl dienol ethers are prepared as a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-isomers by Wittig reactions with R3SiOCH2CHO. 

Coupling of ketones with alkenesf This reaction can be effected with Sml2 catalyzed by HMPA (14, 280-281). The alkene can be an activated terminal one (CH2=CHOAc), a conjugated diene, or a silyl dienol ether. 

A catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Mukaiyama reaction between silyl dienolate 896 and aliphatic ketone 897 provides the 5,6-dihydropyran-2-one 898, a key intermediate during a formal synthesis of enantiopure taurospongin A (Equation 361) <2005JA7288>. 

A catalytic, enantioselective approach towards the synthesis of polyol chains has recently been reported by Carreira et al. and has been applied in a synthesis of the polyol subunit of amphotericin B (Scheme 5) [13]. Aldol addition of the silyl dienolate 26 to furfural (27) catalyzed by the Tol-BlNAP-CuF -complex (2 mol-%) gives rise to the addition product 28 in 95 % yield and >99 % ee after one recrystallization. Spectroscopic evidence indicates that a copper dienolate is formed in situ from the silyl dienolate 26 and is actually the active nucleophile [14], Standard transformations including a j-yw-selective reduction of the ft-hydroxy ketone by the method of Prasad and the oxidative conversion of the furan ring to the car-... 

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