Silver nanoparticles biocidal activity

Banach et al., in Chapter 12, Synthesis, characteristics, and biocidal activity of silver nanoparticles, report an up-to-date overview about the fabrication and applications of silver nanoparticles in the biomedical field. 

Synthesis, characteristics, and biocidal activity of silver nanoparticles... 

Thanks to the presence of silver nanoparticies, the final product also has anti-inflammatory activity and protects the skin against undesirable microorganism action. Silver nanoparticies can penetrate deep into the skin and remove it from any bacterial contamination, which inhibits the formation of acne (Yaoguang et al., 2011). Nanosilver has also been used in the production of toothpastes and oral care gels. Silver at a concentration of 0.004% (w/w) is an effective ingredient which prevents the growth of bacteria that cause unpleasant smells and dental cavities. The authors stipulate that the best biocidal activity is accomplished, if the average nanoparticle size is less than 15 nm (Holladay, 2013). 

Copper at low concentrations below 2 mg Cu" /kg serve as a co-factor for metalloproteinase and enzymes, hence, it has potent apphcation of antimicrobial properties. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States approved the registration of copper based alloys on the claim that they reduce microbial infections and confirmed the antimicrobial efficacy ((http // www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/copper-alloy-products.htm). Nano-sized ZnO particles have biocidal activity and several advantages over the silver nanoparticles. They have low cost, white appearance, high versatility, and doping ability with several inorganic carriers and UV blocking property. 

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